"Latin America constitutes a region well-endowed with sovereign nations, cultural differences, and varying states of development and political stability. The end of the cold war and the de­cline of revolutionary movements and regimes has cast political perceptions of the region in a new light even as it has wrought momentous changes in the individual countries themselves. Latin American Political Yearbook: 1997 provides a comprehensive overview, analysis, and summary of the major political and economic trends and events in Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean both for their significance within special coun­tries, the entire region, and relations with the world at large.Elections and the status of political forces in Latin America are the focus of part 1. It provides an up-to-date, realistic definition of today's political ""Left"" and describes the political situ­ations in the Central American, MERCOSUR, Andean, and Caribbean nations. Moreover, special consider­ation is given to the case of Nicara­gua. In part 2 the politico-economic backgrounds of such representative Latin American nations as Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Honduras, Paraguay, and Venezuela are updated to demonstrate that corruption and collectivism have been responsible for most, if not all of the region's economic woes. The next two parts are con­cerned with the Hemispheric left (HL) and the Hemispheric Left Support, re­spectively, the former dealing with the loose association of Latin American Marxist and Marxist-Leninist organi­zations. It begins with an in-depth look at its enigmatic chief, Fidel Castro, and then discusses HL umbrella organizations; Colombian, Mexican, and Cen­tral American terrorist groups; HL narcoterrorism; and the special case of Peru. The book concludes with a look at Latin American international organizations Including trade and tariff associations, technical groupings, re­gional associations, and hemisphere-wide "

In the sixth volume of this annual series, Robert G. Breene provides a comprehensive overview, analysis, and summary of the political and economic trends and events in Central America, MERCOSUR, the Andean and Caribbean nations, and Mexico. Analyzing these developments within the individual nations, their respective regions, and the world at large, this yearbook offers a timely look at the relevant background and information necessary to understand the changing nature of politics in Latin America today.A significant development has been the growing nexus of Marxist-Leninist and Muslim terrorism. Before the turn of the new century, portents of this development were discernable in the long terrorist war conducted against the democratic West by those followers of Lenin, Stalin, and their successors. This has now been transformed into a "crusade" against non-Muslim societies. The materials included here attest to the fact that the hemispheric left and Cuba were involved in terror long before it suddenly materialized in the United States. As this volume records, Castro was in Teheran in May 2001 where he pledged that "the peoples and governments of Iran and Cuba can bring the U.S. to its knees." Four months later, terrorists of the Al-Qaeda network destroyed the World Trade Center and struck the Pentagon. In replying to this outrage, the Bush administration identified an Axis of Evil, which did not include either the Cuban or Chinese Communist regimes, two original seats of international terror. As this volume demonstrates, however, whether neatly includable in the "axis" or otherwise, Castro and his political allies u Hugo Rafael Chbvez Fryas of Venezuela, Lula da Silva of Brazil, and others u are closely associated with at least one avowed member state of the Axis.In addition to its analysis of these and other new developments, the Yearbook continues its invaluable coverage of election results throughout Latin America. Brimming with information not readily available through the American media, this series is essential reading for political scientists, journalists, Latin America area specialists, and historians.Robert G. Breene, Jr. has been a fighter pilot, a newspaper correspondent in Central America, a professor of physics, and the owner and operator of a 600-head cattle ranch in Nevada. He is currently head of the Latin American News Syndicate in San Antonio, Texas.

In the third volume of this annual series, Robert G. Breene provides a comprehensive overview, analysis, and summary of the major political and economic trends and events in Central American, MERCOSUR, Andean and Caribbean nations, including Mexico. The yearbook provides a timely look at relevant background information necessary to an understanding of the status of political forces in Latin America today. Chapter 1 looks at the elections and status of political forces in Latin America and describes the political situations in the four groups of nations. It provides an up-to-date, realistic definition of today's political "Left." Chapter 2 relates the politico-economic backgrounds of such representative Latin American nations as Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, and Panama, while chapter 3 explores in detail three hemispheric heads of state receiving much international attention: Pinochet, Ortega, and Clinton. Chapter 4 discusses the Hemispheric Left (HL), described as a loose association of amorphous Marxist and militant left organizations, and, as in previous editions of this yearbook, includes an overview of all hemispheric terrorism. The year 1998 witnessed an increased, overshadowing level of terrorism in Colombia necessitating separate coverage of Colombian terrorism, which is treated in chapter 5. The final two chapters are concerned with the Hemispheric Left Support, dealing with the association of Latin American Marxist and Marxist-Leninist organizations, and providing a look at Latin American international organizations, including regional summits and hemisphere-wide associations such as the Grupo de Rio and the Organization of American States. This third volume is brimming with facts and provides information not readily available through American media. Compact yet comprehensive, it is essential reading for political scientists, Latin American area specialists, and historians. Robert G. Breene, Jr. has been a fighter pilot, a newspaper correspondent in Central America, a professor of physics, and the owner and operator of a 600-head cattle ranch in Nevada. His is currently head of the Latin American Syndicate in San Antonio, Texas.

Latin America constitutes a region well-endowed with sovereign nations, cultural differences, and varying states of development and political stability. The end of the cold war and the de­cline of revolutionary movements and regimes has cast political perceptions of the region in a new light even as it has wrought momentous changes in the individual countries themselves. Latin American Political Yearbook: 1997 provides a comprehensive overview, analysis, and summary of the major political and economic trends and events in Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean both for their significance within special coun­tries, the entire region, and relations with the world at large. Elections and the status of political forces in Latin America are the focus of part 1. It provides an up-to-date, realistic definition of today's political "Left" and describes the political situ­ations in the Central American, MERCOSUR, Andean, and Caribbean nations. Moreover, special consider­ation is given to the case of Nicara­gua. In part 2 the politico-economic backgrounds of such representative Latin American nations as Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Honduras, Paraguay, and Venezuela are updated to demonstrate that corruption and collectivism have been responsible for most, if not all of the region's economic woes. The next two parts are con­cerned with the Hemispheric left (HL) and the Hemispheric Left Support, re­spectively, the former dealing with the loose association of Latin American Marxist and Marxist-Leninist organi­zations. It begins with an in-depth look at its enigmatic chief, Fidel Castro, and then discusses HL umbrella organizations; Colombian, Mexican, and Cen­tral American terrorist groups; HL narcoterrorism; and the special case of Peru. The book concludes with a look at Latin American international organizations Including trade and tariff associations, technical groupings, re­gional associations, and hemisphere-wide associations such as the Cumbre Iberoamerica, the Grupo de Rio, and the Organization of American States. The year 1996 contained a number of important contests throughout the region and Latin American Political Yearbook provides a timely look at rel­evant background Information neces­sary to an understanding of the statustlons; Colombian, Mexican, and Cen­tral American terrorist groups; HL narcoterrorism; and the special case of Peru. The book concludes with a look at Latin American international organizations Including trade and tariff associations, technical groupings, re­gional associations, and hemisphere-wide associations such as the Cumbre Iberoamerica, the Grupo de Rio, and the Organization of American States. The year 1996 contained a number of important contests throughout the region and Latin American Political Yearbook provides a timely look at rel­evant background Information neces­sary to an understanding of the status of political forces in Latin America to­day. Brimming with facts, this com­pact yet comprehensive volume Is essential reading for political scien­tists, Latin American area specialists, and historians.

This Handbook provides the most comprehensive overview of the role of electoral advertising on television and new forms of advertising in countries from all parts of the world currently available. Thematic chapters address advertising effects, negative ads, the perspective of practitioners and gender role. Country chapters summarize research on issues including political and electoral systems; history of ads; the content of ads; reception and effects of ads; regulation of political advertising on television and the Internet; financing political advertising; and prospects for the future. The Handbook confirms that candidates spend the major part of their campaign budget on television advertising. The US enjoys a special situation with almost no restrictions on electoral advertising whereas other countries have regulation for the time, amount and sometimes even the content of electoral advertising or they do not allow television advertising at all. The role that television advertising plays in elections is dependent on the political, the electoral and the media context and can generally be regarded as a reflection of the political culture of a country. The Internet is relatively unregulated and is the channel of the future for political advertising in many countries

The Communication Yearbook annuals originally published between 1977 and 2009 publish diverse, state-of-the-discipline literature reviews that advance knowledge and understanding of communication systems, processes, and impacts across the discipline. Topics dealt with include Communication as Process, Research Methodology in Communication, Communication Effects, Taxonomy of Communication and European Communication Theory, Information Systems Division, Mass Communication Research, Mapping the Domain of Intercultural Communication, Public Relations, Feminist Scholarship, Communication Law and Policy, Visual Communication, Communication and Cross-Sex Friendships Across the Life Cycle, Television Programming and Sex Stereotyping, InterCultural Communication Training, Leadership and Relationships, Media Performance Assessment, Cognitive Approaches to Communication.

Political Handbook of the World annually provides up-to-date political information on all the world's countries in a balanced, accurate and comprehensive manner. A singular and authoritative reference work for nearly 70 years, each new volume builds on the research and scholarship of previous editions, offering rare insight into stories making headlines, judiciously outlining contemporary conflicts and analysing current foreign policy within the informed context of past events and decisions. It is considered to be the single-volume reference work of choice for libraries, diplomats, academic faculties, international corporations, and others needing accurate, timely information.

Cybersecurity Governance in Latin America discusses how the massification of the Internet has exposed emerging democracies' high-tech vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks and questions why states have decided to introduce policies and legislation facilitating the militarization of cyberspace. Carlos Solar offers a comparative analysis using the cases of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela to help navigate the changing security landscape and the growing risks found in the digital domain. His analysis includes a review of civilian and military preparedness emphasizing the ongoing alliances with the world's superpowers to finally debate what are the side effects for peace and development in the Americas from the current cybersecurity rivalry between the United States and China. Providing a much-needed account of state-technology affairs in the global south Cybersecurity Governance in Latin America challenges scholars and policymakers to rethink the protection of cyberspace to avoid unnecessarily sacrificing rights and freedoms in the name of national security.