In 1834, three men chanced to meet at a spring near where the Oostanaula and Etowah converge to form the Coosa River. Looking at the freshwater spring surrounded by healthy hardwood, they mused that this would make a good place for a community. They got together with two other landowners in the area and decided to start a town. And, of course, they wanted a name for it. Following the democratic process still honored by citizens today, they each chose their favorite names, such as Pittsburg, Warsaw, and Hillsboro. The name drawn was Rome. If the last name had been drawn, which was Hamburg, the town would be full of Hamburgers instead of the Romans that reside there today.

Geography has conspired to make Gallup, New Mexico, a special place with unique people and a colorful history. It has been a place of struggle and extremes where cultures have clashed, mixed, and melded. Gallup is a community that is simultaneously challenging and uplifting, heartrending, and redemptive. To local Native Americans, the Navajo and Pueblo people, Gallup is located on their ancestral homeland and bordered by their sacred sites. To early settlers, Gallup was a place that permitted transportation across the continent, first by foot and horseback, then by stagecoach and railroad, and ultimately, by America's Mother Road, Route 66. With its founding, Gallup became a place where European, Asian, and Hispanic immigrants--with hands that built America--came to construct a transcontinental rail line, harvest timber, mine coal, and establish businesses, while seeking a new life among the region's original native people.

Boise of the 21st century is very different from the tiny community established in 1863 at the crossroads of the Oregon Trail and the road to the Boise Basin gold mines. Originally known as "Boise City," it existed as a distribution center for supplies and fresh food for miners. The development of irrigated agriculture and the expansion of transportation networks during the 20th century and an influx of pioneers from many regions of the United States helped the city grow into a technology center during the 21st century. Early residents like Tom and Julia Davis helped create a city filled with green parks and walking paths; author and illustrator Mary Hallock Foote brought Boise to the attention of the nation with her writing and illustrations; businessmen J.R. Simplot and Joe Albertson established local businesses that grew to national companies. The music of Curtis Stigers, the literature of Anthony Doerr, and the athletic prowess of Kristin Armstrong have helped focus attention on Boise, which is now recognized as one of the country's most livable communities.

Nestled along the banks of Cazenovia Creek, East Aurora is a cultural center of western New York State that has flourished because of the diverse talents of its people. Native Americans lived in East Aurora for thousands of years before the first settlers came to the area in 1804. One of the first pioneers, Martha Richardson Adams, carried her infant child on horseback all the way from Massachusetts. East Aurora grew rapidly after the War of 1812, evolving into an important business center south of Buffalo. By the 1880s, the village had become a horse-racing capital, where thousands came to Cicero Hamlin's farm to get a glimpse of his legendary horse, Mambrino King. As the century came to a close, hundreds of creative types were drawn to the Roycroft Campus, where Elbert Hubbard had established an arts and crafts colony. Despite modern developments, East Aurora remains a small village at heart, where the owners of the barbershop, bookstore, pharmacy, coffee shop, theater, and old-fashioned 5 & 10 still greet you at the door.

Drawn by extravagant promises of "a beautiful village of 500 inhabitants, studded with orange trees and grapevines," the Hammond family arrived in Encinitas in 1883 only to find that advertisements had rather overstated the case. Undeterred, these 11 English settlers remained and, in doing so, doubled the town's population overnight. Subsequent pioneers brought wide-ranging talents to this fledgling California coastal town--none more so than the Ecke dynasty, whose flower fields established Encinitas as the poinsettia capital of the world. Today, the city encompasses five distinct communities, and while it boasts many famous celebrities, it is the ordinary folk whose passion and daring have made Encinitas the place their forebears long ago envisaged.

Utica's neighborhoods are filled with people whose passion for family, food, faith, and civic engagement are exemplary of the true American experience. Lives devoted to politics, business, sports, and scholarship have found their start, and often times their purpose, in Greater Utica. The nation's politics have been shaped by the likes of abolitionist Gerrit Smith, Congressman Roscoe Conkling, Vice Pres. James Sherman, and political pollster John Zogby. Enterprises including American Express and the Associated Press received boosts from businessmen John Butterfield and Theodore Faxton. Dick Clark hit the Utica airwaves long before American Bandstand was a household favorite, Will Smith wore a Proctor uniform before becoming a New Orleans Saint, and Arthur B. Davies learned to paint Mohawk Valley landscapes before introducing America to modernist art. Those looking to reclaim Utica's birthright as an essential American landmark include chefs Dean and Jason Nole, publisher Donna Donovan, Olympian-turned-entrepreneur Robert Esche, and the brewers of Saranac Beer, the Matt family.

Once a rural paradise known as "Noddle's Island," East Boston is the site of key developments in the nation's history, including the first naval battle of the American Revolution, the creation of the world's fastest sailing ships, the country's first underwater tunnel, and the nation's first public branch library. It has had its share of famous residents, from Colonial governor John Winthrop and repentant Salem witch trial judge Samuel Sewall, to clipper ship builder Donald McKay and the world's first female clipper ship navigator, Mary Patten. Women's suffrage activist Judith Winsor Smith called East Boston home, as did the first Civil War nurse, Armeda Gibbs; Massachusetts governor John Bates; and Boston mayor Frederick Mansfield. Pres. John F. Kennedy's paternal grandparents and father were born in East Boston, where they started their first businesses and political ventures, and the neighborhood has produced numerous community activists, musicians, artists, writers, and athletes.

Covington was a natural place for people to settle. Located on the banks of the Ohio and Licking Rivers, it developed quickly as the urban core of northern Kentucky. Sitting just opposite of Cincinnati, Ohio, it was a great location for travel by both animals and people. Originally owned by Thomas Kennedy, the land was ultimately purchased by Thomas Carneal and John and Richard Gano, and thus the city of Covington was founded in 1815. Not long after its establishment, railroads made Covington their home and many other businesses followed. By 1850, it was the second-largest city in Kentucky. Over its 200 years, Covington has seen many people play a role in its history, development, and reputation. Some are great business and community leaders. Others made tremendous contributions to the arts, and some are notorious. A community is defined more by its people than its buildings and streets. The individuals who have lived and worked in Covington provide a colorful insight into its past. From its founding until the present day, these individuals are a fascinating look into the citys history.

Founded by associates of William Penn, Willingboro has been a vibrant community for more than 300 years. As it evolved from fertile farmland to the finest example of post-World War II suburban planning and hailed by the Westinghouse Corporation as the "picture of everyday American life," Willingboro has cultivated individuals whose innovations, athleticism, musical talents, and service have transcended the township's seven square miles, from civil rights activist Willie James to Olympian Carl Lewis to music producer Adam Blackstone to Pulitzer Prize winner Jeff Gammage. Just as important are the civic leaders, volunteers, teachers, physicians, and citizens who form the soul of Willingboro, like Lizzie Morris, the town matriarch who for decades delivered home-cooked meals to emergency personnel and the needy; Kelly Logan, a former football player who turned the tragic shooting death of his teenage daughter into an antiviolence campaign; and AnnMarie Stephenson, a candy striper who returned home to practice medicine in Willingboro. This book celebrates these legendary locals.

Fitchburg was incorporated as a town 250 years ago. Many of the original 40 family founders served as Minutemen, beginning the tradition of volunteers like Orlando Boss, Henry Spooner, Norman Tucker, and Richard and Thomas Bresnahan serving in the Civil War, World War I, and World War II. Led by strong businessmen who also were public servants such as Alvah Crocker, Sylvanus Sawyer, Rodney Wallace, and George Simonds, the city grew to 40,000. Fitchburg has always welcomed immigrants who have enriched the community's history. Mayor Lisa Wong is the first Asian American mayor to have been elected in Massachusetts. Named an All-America city in 1970, Fitchburg remains proud of its heritage, celebrates its past, and anticipates the future. Legendary Locals of Fitchburg provides another historical view in the city's sestercentennial year.