This study explores how writers such as Charles Dickens, George Gissing, Bram Stoker and Mary Elizabeth Braddon negotiated the dirt and messiness of underground spaces and how, in spite of the transformation of London through underground sewers, undergrou

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Applied Geography, grade: 2,1, University of Paderborn, language: English, abstract: The housing problem was probably the most urgent and dangerous social problem that Victorian society had to face. Through industrialisation and population explosion, population in cities, especially in London rose to a level that made it difficult to house all these people. Moreover, public transport was only developing and very expensive so that people were not mobile enough to live in suburban areas. So how did Victorian society try to tackle this problem? Did they try to tackle it at all? Today’s idea of Victorian London seems to be a mixture of elegant urban villas for the upper classes and dirty slums for the working classes. It appeared to be a clear distinction between the classes and overcrowding was an inevitable evil in the slums. Too many people and too little space, as space in the city was limited and could not be expanded. However, as the slums were a nidus for diseases and criminality of all kinds, something had to be done about them.

The authors offer an overview of a wide range of underground uses by reflecting on the past, present, and future of underground development. Subjects include a comprehensive set of classifications, a summary of existing research on psychological issues, exterior and entrance design, layout and spatial configuration patterns, interior design, lighting, and life safety design. Written for architects, interior designers, civil engineers, geotechnical engineers, city planners, developers, and environmental psychologists. Many illustrations. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Representing many different disciplines, the book will attract any reader interested in urban problems.

London has been changing and evolving. It has been renewing or replacing the streets and buildings at its heart and has been spreading inexorably outwards. This book illustrates this process by maps of London; and offers a panorama of London's history by focusing on its maps.

This work discusses the planning, design and management of railway stations. It examines a range of stations. Commercial aspects and matters of image and branding are explored alongside technical and operational issues.

As managing director of the Underground in the 1920s and the first chief executive of London Transport, Frank Pick (1878-1941) had more influence on the look of 20th century London than any other individual. Frank Pick's London offers a unique overview of his passionate belief in the social and civic value of applied design and its impact on London.--