Emigration, immigration, economic aspects, Great Britain, USA.

Levy (economics, U. of Wollongong, Australia) and Faria (social sciences, U. of Texas, US) present 18 case studies exploring the interlinkages between economic growth, inequality, and migration. Each of the studies is concerned with at least two of the three phenomena, and the papers are grouped according to which of the three they most concentrate on. Studies address the relation between government policies and income distribution; issues of unemployment, assimilation, expected returns, and risks as they relate to migration; and the impact of trade on growth. Case studies explore issues on both regional and national bases. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Explores the prospects for sustaining strong economic growth in the United States in the face of recent challenging trends.

Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.

For several decades, wealthy states, international development agencies and multinational corporations have encouraged labour migration from the Global South to the Global North. As well as providing essential workers to support the transformation of advanced economies, the remittances that migrants send home have been touted as the most promising means of national development for poor and undeveloped countries. As Immanuel Ness argues in this sharp corrective to conventional wisdom, temporary labour migration represents the most recent form of economic imperialism and global domination. A closer look at the economic and social evidence demonstrates that remittances deepen economic exploitation, unravel societal stability and significantly expand economic inequality between poor and rich societies. The book exposes the damaging political, economic and social effects of migration on origin countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, and how border and security mechanisms control and marginalize low-wage migrant workers, especially women and youth. Ness asserts that remittances do not bring growth to poor countries but extend national dependence on the export of migrant workers, leading to warped and unequal development on the global periphery. This expert take will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of migration and development across the social sciences.

Serving up fresh insights on Hong Kong's economic growth, this book investigates issues such as housing, immigration, monetary and financial systems, the business environment, and international trade and finance to provide a coherent and comprehensive overview of Hong Kong’s position in the global economy.

This book studies the economic recovery of individual European Union member states more than ten years after the beginning of the global economic crisis. In light of austerity policies and conservative government investments in many EU countries, it explores how higher growth rates can be achieved by stimulating firms and economic sectors with a high accelerator potential. The contributing authors analyze the effects of EU policies on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), while also studying EU policies with the potential to foster investments and economic growth. Furthermore the book assesses the EU policy on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the member states, in comparison with similar policies in Russia and the US. The authors demonstrate that FDI, besides providing financial resources, can facilitate modernization especially in the high technology sectors. Finally, the book provides a sector analysis and policy recommendations on tourism and immigration, as well as economic protectionism, since tourism has proved to be the most dynamic sector, especially in the European South, while immigration is one of the most serious issues the EU is currently facing. This book will appeal to scholars in economics and related fields, as well as decision-makers and professionals at governmental institutions looking for policy measures and tools to stimulate economic growth.

Scientific theories are representational spaces in which we model the world. Therefore, science undergoes periodic paradigm shifts instead of progressing in a linear and continuous way: paradigm shifts occur when old paradigms show their inadequacy and ineffectiveness. What is defined as research is revaluated, concepts turn upside down and earlier research is reinterpreted. Covid-19 brought to the fore the rise of a new paradigm that in 2016 the sociologist Ulrich Beck understood and framed as ‘metamorphosis of the world’ (Beck 2016). Global risks (climate change, resource depletion, migrations) distribute forms of social inequalities that often escape the traditional interpretative categories of the mainstream economy (class, nation etc.) and normative concepts like sustainable development. In this perspective, the regional scale (in social studies and policies) is crucial. Risks are assuming, in fact, different geographies in relation to the different territorial morphologies or social inequalities involved. To what extent this paradigm shift is challenging either mainstream economics or our critical thinking and awareness as social scientists? Despite a body of studies that, until the first half of the twentieth century, had not taken into account the variables of time and space in their analysis of development, places are taken in their specificity as the founding element for describing (and for some authors, interpreting) the constraints and opportunities of regions for their historical, cultural, and socioeconomic conditions. The neoclassical theory of growth, based on the model of the Nobel laureate Robert Solow, expunges the spatial variable and is then gradually questioned in favour of the endogenous regional development approach (Stimson et al. 2011). Over time, places take on the role of a favourable (or unfavourable) environment for business, making possible the creation of external economies (or diseconomies), and giving rise to specific forms of cooperation between companies and societal actors. At least to some authors, what produces development and innovation in certain successful regions is, in this sense, not the assertion of a single company, but the competitiveness of the entire territory, expressed through the synergies between institutions and socioeconomic actors. These synergies are the basis of the processes of accumulation of knowledge and the dissemination of information and opportunities useful for supporting development in the context of effective planning (Dessein J. Battaglini E. and Horlings L. 2016). The 20 cases described in this book are stemming from the debate raised by the International Conference on Research Outlook, Innovations and Research Trends (ICROIRT-2020). They are highlighting the time-space dimension affecting economic structures, and the ways in which socioeconomic use material and immaterial resources, mediate practices and institutions and construct narratives and identities, pointing to how assign value to their resources and thus influencing regional economics. During a paradigm shift like which we are confronting, facts are uncertain, top down economic receipts in dispute and decisions urgent. The Covid-19 crisis has already put at risk all organizations or companies that have basked in roles, position rents or narratives that have shown resistance, including ideological ones, to the metamorphosis of the world underway. We will now see what we can do: as either individuals, or organisations and institutions we are all responsibly involved. We would like to thank all the contributors who have made the production of this book so fascinating and enjoyable. Their scholarship and dedicated commitment and motivation to ‘getting it right’ are the keys to the book’s quality, and we greatly appreciate their good nature over many months in the face of our editorial demands and time limits. We are also grateful for using their texts, ideas, and critical remarks. We would also like to thank Prof Dr Alimnazar Islamkov, Dr R Shanthi , all reviewers and all authors for their help in consolidating the interdisciplinary of the book

This book addresses some of the many social challenges created by migration flows over the past decades. The volume brings together research from three different fields: economics, sociology and political science.

The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.