A poetry collection that reflects on intimate aspects of Black history, culture, and identity, revealing an uncommon gaze on working-class Philadelphia from the 1960s to the present day In 55 poems, Migration Letters straddles the personal and public with particular, photorealistic detail to identify what, over time, creating a home creates in ourselves. Drawn from her experiences of being born in Philadelphia into a Black family and a Black culture transported from the American South by the Great Migration, M. Nzadi Keita's poetry sparks a profoundly hybrid gaze of the visual and the sensory. Her lyrical fragments and sustained narrative plunge into the unsung aspects of Black culture and explore how Black Americans journey toward joy. Propelled by the conditions that motivated her family's migration north, the poems pull heavily from Keita's place in her family, communities, and the world at large. They testify to her time and circumstances growing up Black in Philadelphia on the periphery of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. Each poem builds upon an inheritance of voices: a panoramic perspective of an Easter Sunday service in a Black church gives way to an account of psychic violence in a newly integrated school; the collective voices of a beauty salon's patrons fragment into memories of neighborhoods in North Philadelphia that have faded over time. Migration Letters strives to tell a story about Black people that radiates across generations and testifies to a world that, as Lucille Clifton wrote, “has tried to kill [us] and has failed.” They interrogate how one's present begins in the past, what we gain from barriers and boundaries, and what notions of progress energize our journey forward. Keita’s poems intimately reveal how Black culture can be inherited and built upon complex relationships where love and pain are inextricably linked.

Fundamentals of International Migration is prepared as a textbook for undergraduate and postgraduate courses/modules. This book is a collection of articles and book chapters published in various journals and volumes carefully selected to cover a comprehensive range of topics and issues in contemporary human mobility. Students and tutors of the module would find it useful to guide and enhance classroom discussions. There are 8 parts with 28 chapters. Each part of the book begins with a list of essential and further reading to offer a wide range of views and perspectives to the students of international migration. CONTENTS PART 1: Introduction to Migration Studies Chapter 1. A record 65.3 million people were displaced last year: What does that number actually mean? - Jeffrey H. Cohen and Ibrahim Sirkeci Chapter 2. It is all about being happy in search of security - Ibrahim Sirkeci Chapter 3. Europe’s migration crisis: an American perspective - Philip L. Martin Chapter 4. Fleeing from the Global Compact for Migration: A missed opportunity for Italy - Chiara Scissa PART 2: Concepts and Theories in Migration Studies Chapter 5. A Missing Element in Migration Theories - Douglas S. Massey Chapter 6. Transnational mobility and conflict - Ibrahim Sirkeci Chapter 7. “Old” natives and “new” immigrants: beyond territory and history in Kymlicka's account of group-rights - Darian Heim PART 3: Data and Methods in Migration Studies Chapter 8. Social Research Methods: Migration in Perspective - AKM Ahsan Ullah, Md. Akram Hossain, Mohammad Azizuddin, and Faraha Nawaz Chapter 9. Biographical methods in migration research - Theodoros Iosifides and Deborah Sporton Chapter 10. Strengths, Risks and Limits of Doing Participatory Research in Migration Studies - Diana Mata-Codesal, Laure Kloetzer and Concha Maiztegi PART 4: Migration, Security, and Rights Chapter 11. Universalist Rights and Particularist Duties: The Case of Refugees - Per Bauhn Chapter 12. Bordering Practices across Europe: The Rise of “Walls” and “Fences” - Burcu Toğral Koca Chapter 13. Turkey’s Refugees, Syrians and Refugees from Turkey: A Country of Insecurity - Ibrahim Sirkeci PART 5: Migration Politics, Law and Organisations Chapter 14. Turkish Migration Policy at a Glance - Barbara Pusch and Ibrahim Sirkeci Chapter 15. Immigration and Civil Society: New ways of democratic transformation - Óscar García Agustín and Martin Bak Jørgensen Chapter 16. Immigration Policy in the European Union: Still bringing up the walls for fortress Europe? - Petra Bendel Chapter 17. The Case for a Foreign Worker Advisory Commission - Ray Marshall PART 6: Citizenship, Integration, and Diasporas Chapter 18. Migration and Integration: Austrian and California Experiences with Low-Skilled Migrants - Gudrun Biffl and Philip L. Martin Chapter 19. Integration of Syrians: Politics of integration in Turkey in the face of a closing window of opportunity - Onur Unutulmaz Chapter 20. Citizenship and Naturalization Among Turkish Skilled Migrants - Deniz Yetkin Aker Chapter 21. Westphalia, Migration, and Feudal Privilege - Harald Bauder Chapter 22. Naturalisation Policies Beyond a Western focus - Tobias Schwarz Chapter 23. Wrestling with 9/11: Immigrant Perceptions and Perceptions of Immigrants - Caroline Brettell PART 7: Turkey’s Migration Experience Chapter 24. Syrian Crisis and Migration - Pinar Yazgan, Deniz Eroglu Utku, Ibrahim Sirkeci Chapter 25. Demographic Gaps Between Syrian and the European Populations - Murat Yüceşahin and Ibrahim Sirkeci Chapter 26. Turkish Migration in Europe and Desire to Migrate to and from Turkey - Ibrahim Sirkeci and Neli Esipova PART 8: Contemporary Issues Chapter 27. International Mobility, Erotic Plasticity and Eastern European Migrations - Martina Cvajner Chapter 28. Coronavirus and Migration: Analysis of Human Mobility and the Spread of COVID-19 - Ibrahim Sirkeci and M. Murat Yüceşahin

How has the international mobility of Polish citizens intertwined with other influences to shape society, culture, politics and economics in contemporary Poland? The Impact of Migration on Poland offers a new approach for understanding how migration affects sending countries, and provides a wide-ranging analysis of how Poland has changed, and continues to change, since EU accession in 2004. The authors explore an array of social trends and their causes before using in-depth interview data to illustrate how migration contributes to those causes. They address fundamental questions about whether and how Polish society is becoming more equal and more cosmopolitan, arguing that for particular segments of society migration does make a difference, and can be seen as both leveller and eye-opener. While the book focuses mainly on stayers in Poland, and their multiple contacts with Poles in other countries, Chapter 9 analyses ‘Polish society abroad’, a more accurate concept than ‘community’ in countries like the UK, and Chapter 10 considers impacts of immigration to Poland. The book is written in a lively and accessible style, and will be important reading for anyone interested in the influence of migration on society, as well as students and scholars researching EU mobility, migration theory and methodology, and issues facing contemporary Europe.

This research questions the seemingly ossified premise that states have an absolute discretion to control international migration. Applying Max Weber’s theories of legitimacy, it determines that while states have certain traditionally legitimate functions, migration control, as distinct from the determination of citizenship, is not one such function. Measures of migration control must thus be justified on a rational-legal basis, that is, on a minimal evidential basis. Acknowledging the many obstacles states face in carrying out this legitimising exercise, it is suggested that a supranational approach at the regional level is the most sustainable long-term model, with an ultimate aim of achieving inter-regional cooperation on migration management on the basis of equality between regions.

In the global era, controversies abound over temporary labour migration; however, it has not previously been subjected to a sustained socio-legal analysis on a comparative basis, critiquing the underpinning concepts conventionally accepted as fundamental in this area. This collection of essays aims to fill that void. Complex regulatory challenges arise from temporary labour migration. This collection examines these challenges and the extent to which temporary labour migration programmes can be ethical, equitable and efficacious and so deliver decent work for workers. Whilst the tendency for migration law to divide labour law's worker-protective mission has been observed before, the authors of the chapters comprising this collection seek not only to interrogate why and how this is so, but to go further in examining the implications and effects of a wide range of regulatory mechanisms on temporary labour migration.

Immigration is a major component of population change for countries across Europe. However, questions remain about where immigrants go after they arrive in a new country. What are the patterns of internal migration of minorities (immigrants and their descendants), and what are the causes and implications of these flows? Migration within a nation state is a powerful force, redistributing the population and altering the demographic, social and economic composition of regions, cities and neighbourhoods. Yet relatively little is known about the significance of ethnicity in migration processes, or how population movement contributes to immigrant and ethnic integration. Minority internal migration is an emerging field of academic interest in many European countries in the context of high levels of immigration and increased political interest in inter-ethnic relations and place-based policies. This book brings together experts in the fields of migration, ethnicity and diversity from across Europe to examine patterns of residential mobility of minorities, and to synthesise key themes, theories and methods. The analyses presented make important contributions to theories of migration and minority integration and may inform policies that aim to respond to local population change and increasing diversity. The conclusions of the book form an agenda for future research on minority and immigrant internal migration in developed societies.

Migration and cosmopolitanism are said to be complementary. Cosmopolitanism means to be a citizen of the world, and migration, without impediments, should be the natural starting point for a cosmopolitan view. However, the intensification of migration, through an increasing number of refugees and economic migrants, has generated anti-cosmopolitan stances. Using the concept of cosmopolitanism as it emerges from migrant protests like Sans Papiers, No One Is Illegal, and No Borders, an interdisciplinary group of scholars addresses this discrepancy and explores how migrant protest movements elicit a new form of radical cosmopolitanism. The combination of basic theoretical concepts and detailed empirical analysis in this book will advance the theoretical debate on the inherent cosmopolitan aspects of migrant activism. As such, it will be a valuable contribution to students, researchers and scholars of political science, sociology and philosophy.

This open access book analyses the strategies of migration intermediaries from the public and private sectors in Switzerland to select, attract, and retain highly skilled migrants who represent value to them. It reveals how state and economic actors define “wanted immigrants” and provide them with privileged access to the Swiss territory and labour market. The analysis draws on an ethnographic study conducted in the French-speaking Lake Geneva area and the German-speaking northwestern region of Switzerland between 2014 and 2018. It shows how institutional actors influence which resources are available to different groups of newcomers by defining and dividing migrants according to constructed social categories that correlate with specific status and privileges. This research thus shifts the focus from an approach that takes the category of highly skilled migrant for granted to one that regards context as crucial for structuring migrants’ characteristics, trajectories, and experiences. Beyond consideration of professional qualifications, the ways decision-makers perceive candidates and shape their resource environments are crucial for constructing them as skilled or unskilled, wanted or unwanted, welcome or unwelcome.

This comprehensive and innovative volume focuses on the usefulness and relevance of extending the scope of protections already in place for national minorities ('old minorities') to migrant populations ('new minorities') in Europe. Delving into a highly relevant but under-researched issue, the book examines the feasibility of expanding the system of protection for national minorities to migrant groups, as well as considering issues of diversity, security, socio-economic concerns and identity. Taking a multidisciplinary perspective, and combining insights from political science, law, sociology and anthropology, it asks the central question of how far the extension of policies and rights currently specific to national minorities is conceptually meaningful and beneficial to the integration of ‘new’ minorities. In doing so, it questions the feasibility and appropriateness of extending the scope of the protections already in place for national minorities to other categories of population. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners of European Union politics, migration studies, minority studies and more broadly of sociology, international law and human rights.

Around the globe, people leave their homes to better themselves, to satisfy needs, and to care for their families. They also migrate to escape undesirable conditions, ranging from a lack of economic opportunities to violent conflicts at home or in the community. Most studies of migration have analyzed the topic at either the macro level of national and global economic and political forces, or the micro level of the psychology of individual migrants. Few studies have examined the "culture of migration"—that is, the cultural beliefs and social patterns that influence people to move. Cultures of Migration combines anthropological and geographical sensibilities, as well as sociological and economic models, to explore the household-level decision-making process that prompts migration. The authors draw their examples not only from their previous studies of Mexican Oaxacans and Turkish Kurds but also from migrants from Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, the Pacific, and many parts of Asia. They examine social, economic, and political factors that can induce a household to decide to send members abroad, along with the cultural beliefs and traditions that can limit migration. The authors look at both transnational and internal migrations, and at shorter- and longer-term stays in the receiving location. They also consider the effect that migration has on those who remain behind. The authors' "culture of migration" model adds an important new dimension to our understanding of the cultural beliefs and social patterns associated with migration and will help specialists better respond to increasing human mobility.