This is the first introductory book on multiple zeta functions and multiple polylogarithms which are the generalizations of the Riemann zeta function and the classical polylogarithms, respectively, to the multiple variable setting. It contains all the basic concepts and the important properties of these functions and their special values. This book is aimed at graduate students, mathematicians and physicists who are interested in this current active area of research.The book will provide a detailed and comprehensive introduction to these objects, their fascinating properties and interesting relations to other mathematical subjects, and various generalizations such as their q-analogs and their finite versions (by taking partial sums modulo suitable prime powers). Historical notes and exercises are provided at the end of each chapter.

The contents of this book was created by the authors as a simultaneous generalization of Witten zeta-functions, Mordell–Tornheim multiple zeta-functions, and Euler–Zagier multiple zeta-functions. Zeta-functions of root systems are defined by certain multiple series, given in terms of root systems. Therefore, they intrinsically have the action of associated Weyl groups. The exposition begins with a brief introduction to the theory of Lie algebras and root systems and then provides the definition of zeta-functions of root systems, explicit examples associated with various simple Lie algebras, meromorphic continuation and recursive analytic structure described by Dynkin diagrams, special values at integer points, functional relations, and the background given by the action of Weyl groups. In particular, an explicit form of Witten’s volume formula is provided. It is shown that various relations among special values of Euler–Zagier multiple zeta-functions—which usually are called multiple zeta values (MZVs) and are quite important in connection with Zagier’s conjecture—are just special cases of various functional relations among zeta-functions of root systems. The authors further provide other applications to the theory of MZVs and also introduce generalizations with Dirichlet characters, and with certain congruence conditions. The book concludes with a brief description of other relevant topics.

There is no surprise that arithmetic properties of integral ('whole') numbers are controlled by analytic functions of complex variable. At the same time, the values of analytic functions themselves happen to be interesting numbers, for which we often seek explicit expressions in terms of other 'better known' numbers or try to prove that no such exist. This natural symbiosis of number theory and analysis is centuries old but keeps enjoying new results, ideas and methods.The present book takes a semi-systematic review of analytic achievements in number theory ranging from classical themes about primes, continued fractions, transcendence of π and resolution of Hilbert's seventh problem to some recent developments on the irrationality of the values of Riemann's zeta function, sizes of non-cyclotomic algebraic integers and applications of hypergeometric functions to integer congruences.Our principal goal is to present a variety of different analytic techniques that are used in number theory, at a reasonably accessible — almost popular — level, so that the materials from this book can suit for teaching a graduate course on the topic or for a self-study. Exercises included are of varying difficulty and of varying distribution within the book (some chapters get more than other); they not only help the reader to consolidate their understanding of the material but also suggest directions for further study and investigation. Furthermore, the end of each chapter features brief notes about relevant developments of the themes discussed.

This monograph provides a brief exposition of automorphic forms of weight 1 and their applications to arithmetic, especially to Galois representations. One of the outstanding problems in arithmetic is a generalization of class field theory to non-abelian Galois extension of number fields. In this volume, we discuss some relations between this problem and cusp forms of weight 1.

The Langlands Programme is one of the most important areas in modern pure mathematics. The importance of this volume lies in its potential to recast many aspects of the programme in an entirely new context. For example, the morphisms in the monomial category of a locally p-adic Lie group have a distributional description, due to Bruhat in his thesis. Admissible representations in the programme are often treated via convolution algebras of distributions and representations of Hecke algebras. The monomial embedding, introduced in this book, elegantly fits together these two uses of distribution theory. The author follows up this application by giving the monomial category treatment of the Bernstein Centre, classified by Deligne-Bernstein-Zelevinsky.This book gives a new categorical setting in which to approach well-known topics. Therefore, the context used to explain examples is often the more generally accessible case of representations of finite general linear groups. For example, Galois base-change and epsilon factors for locally p-adic Lie groups are illustrated by the analogous Shintani descent and Kondo-Gauss sums, respectively. General linear groups of local fields are emphasized. However, since the philosophy of this book is essentially that of homotopy theory and algebraic topology, it includes a short appendix showing how the buildings of Bruhat-Tits, sufficient for the general linear group, may be generalised to the tom Dieck spaces (now known as the Baum-Connes spaces) when G is a locally p-adic Lie group.The purpose of this monograph is to describe a functorial embedding of the category of admissible k-representations of a locally profinite topological group G into the derived category of the additive category of the admissible k-monomial module category. Experts in the Langlands Programme may be interested to learn that when G is a locally p-adic Lie group, the monomial category is closely related to the category of topological modules over a sort of enlarged Hecke algebra with generators corresponding to characters on compact open modulo the centre subgroups of G. Having set up this functorial embedding, how the ingredients of the celebrated Langlands Programme adapt to the context of the derived monomial module category is examined. These include automorphic representations, epsilon factors and L-functions, modular forms, Weil-Deligne representations, Galois base change and Hecke operators.

This second edition introduces an additional set of new mathematical problems with their detailed solutions in real analysis. It also provides numerous improved solutions to the existing problems from the previous edition, and includes very useful tips and skills for the readers to master successfully. There are three more chapters that expand further on the topics of Bernoulli numbers, differential equations and metric spaces.Each chapter has a summary of basic points, in which some fundamental definitions and results are prepared. This also contains many brief historical comments for some significant mathematical results in real analysis together with many references.Problems and Solutions in Real Analysis can be treated as a collection of advanced exercises by undergraduate students during or after their courses of calculus and linear algebra. It is also instructive for graduate students who are interested in analytic number theory. Readers will also be able to completely grasp a simple and elementary proof of the Prime Number Theorem through several exercises. This volume is also suitable for non-experts who wish to understand mathematical analysis.

This book is the first to provide a comprehensive and elementary account of the new Iwasawa theory innovated via the deformation theory of modular forms and Galois representations. The deformation theory of modular forms is developed by generalizing the cohomological approach discovered in the author's 2019 AMS Leroy P Steele Prize-winning article without using much algebraic geometry.Starting with a description of Iwasawa's classical results on his proof of the main conjecture under the Kummer-Vandiver conjecture (which proves cyclicity of his Iwasawa module more than just proving his main conjecture), we describe a generalization of the method proving cyclicity to the adjoint Selmer group of every ordinary deformation of a two-dimensional Artin Galois representation.The fundamentals in the first five chapters are as follows:Many open problems are presented to stimulate young researchers pursuing their field of study.

This book provides a conceptual introduction into the representation theory of local and global groups, with final emphasis on automorphic representations of reductive groups G over number fields F.Our approach to automorphic representations differs from the usual literature: We do not consider 'K-finite' automorphic forms, but we allow a richer class of smooth functions of uniform moderate growth. Contrasting the usual approach, our space of 'smooth-automorphic forms' is intrinsic to the group scheme G/F.This setup also covers the advantage that a perfect representation-theoretical symmetry between the archimedean and non-archimedean places of the number field F is regained, by making the bigger space of smooth-automorphic forms into a proper, continuous representation of the full group of adelic points of G.Graduate students and researchers will find the covered topics appear for the first time in a book, where the theory of smooth-automorphic representations is robustly developed and presented in great detail.

This volume contains papers by invited speakers of the symposium "Zeta Functions, Topology and Quantum Physics" held at Kinki U- versity in Osaka, Japan, during the period of March 3-6, 2003. The aims of this symposium were to establish mutual understanding and to exchange ideas among researchers working in various fields which have relation to zeta functions and zeta values. We are very happy to add this volume to the series Developments in Mathematics from Springer. In this respect, Professor Krishnaswami Alladi helped us a lot by showing his keen and enthusiastic interest in publishing this volume and by contributing his paper with Alexander Berkovich. We gratefully acknowledge financial support from Kinki University. We would like to thank Professor Megumu Munakata, Vice-Rector of Kinki University, and Professor Nobuki Kawashima, Director of School of Interdisciplinary Studies of Science and Engineering, Kinki Univ- sity, for their interest and support. We also thank John Martindale of Springer for his excellent editorial work.

The Wei-Liang Chow and Kuo-Tsai Chen Memorial Conference was proposed and held by Prof S S Chern in Nankai Institute of Mathematics. It was devoted to memorializing those two outstanding and original Chinese mathematicians who had made significant contributions to algebraic geometry and algebraic topology, respectively. It also provided a forum for leading mathematicians to expound and discuss their views on new ideas in these fields, as well as trends in 21st Century mathematics. About 100 mathematicians participated in the conference, including Sir Michael Atiyah, Jacob Palis, Phillip Griffiths, David Eisenbud, Philippe Tondeur, Yujiro Kawamata, Tian Gang, etc.This invaluable volume contains the selected papers presented at the conference. The topics include canonical maps of Gorenstein 3-folds, fundamental groups of algebraic curves, Chen's interated integrals, algebraic fiber spaces, and others.