This book provides an overview of multiscale approaches and homogenization procedures as well as damage evaluation and crack initiation, and addresses recent advances in the analysis and discretization of heterogeneous materials. It also highlights the state of the art in this research area with respect to different computational methods, software development and applications to engineering structures. The first part focuses on defects in composite materials including their numerical and experimental investigations; elastic as well as elastoplastic constitutive models are considered, where the modeling has been performed at macro- and micro levels. The second part is devoted to novel computational schemes applied on different scales and discusses the validation of numerical results. The third part discusses gradient enhanced modeling, in particular quasi-brittle and ductile damage, using the gradient enhanced approach. The final part addresses thermoplasticity, solid-liquid mixtures and ferroelectric models. The contents are based on the international workshop “Multiscale Modeling of Heterogeneous Structures” (MUMO 2016), held in Dubrovnik, Croatia in September 2016.

This book contains the proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Multiscale Modeling and Uncertainty Quantification of Materials and Structures that was held at Santorini, Greece, September 9 – 11, 2013. It consists of 20 chapters which are divided in five thematic topics: Damage and fracture, homogenization, inverse problems–identification, multiscale stochastic mechanics and stochastic dynamics. Over the last few years, the intense research activity at micro scale and nano scale reflected the need to account for disparate levels of uncertainty from various sources and across scales. As even over-refined deterministic approaches are not able to account for this issue, an efficient blending of stochastic and multiscale methodologies is required to provide a rational framework for the analysis and design of materials and structures. The purpose of this IUTAM Symposium was to promote achievements in uncertainty quantification combined with multiscale modeling and to encourage research and development in this growing field with the aim of improving the safety and reliability of engineered materials and structures. Special emphasis was placed on multiscale material modeling and simulation as well as on the multiscale analysis and uncertainty quantification of fracture mechanics of heterogeneous media. The homogenization of two-phase random media was also thoroughly examined in several presentations. Various topics of multiscale stochastic mechanics, such as identification of material models, scale coupling, modeling of random microstructures, analysis of CNT-reinforced composites and stochastic finite elements, have been analyzed and discussed. A large number of papers were finally devoted to innovative methods in stochastic dynamics.

This book presents the state-of-the-art in multiscale modeling and simulation techniques for composite materials and structures. It focuses on the structural and functional properties of engineering composites and the sustainable high performance of components and structures. The multiscale techniques can be also applied to nanocomposites which are important application areas in nanotechnology. There are few books available on this topic.

Fundamentals of Multiscale Modeling of Structural Materials provides a robust introduction to the computational tools, underlying theory, practical applications, and governing physical phenomena necessary to simulate and understand a wide-range of structural materials at multiple time and length scales. The book offers practical guidelines for modeling common structural materials with well-established techniques, outlining detailed modeling approaches for calculating and analyzing mechanical, thermal and transport properties of various structural materials such as metals, cement/concrete, polymers, composites, wood, thin films, and more.Computational approaches based on artificial intelligence and machine learning methods as complementary tools to the physics-based multiscale techniques are discussed as are modeling techniques for additively manufactured structural materials. Special attention is paid to how these methods can be used to develop the next generation of sustainable, resilient and environmentally-friendly structural materials, with a specific emphasis on bridging the atomistic and continuum modeling scales for these materials. - Synthesizes the latest cutting-edge computational multiscale modeling techniques for an array of structural materials - Emphasizes the foundations of the field and offers practical guidelines for modeling material systems with well-established techniques - Covers methods for calculating and analyzing mechanical, thermal and transport properties of various structural materials such as metals, cement/concrete, polymers, composites, wood, and more - Highlights underlying theory, emerging areas, future directions and various applications of the modeling methods covered - Discusses the integration of multiscale modeling and artificial intelligence

Multiscale modeling is becoming essential for accurate, rapid simulation in science and engineering. This book presents the results of three decades of research on multiscale modeling in process engineering from principles to application, and its generalization for different fields. This book considers the universality of meso-scale phenomena for the first time, and provides insight into the emerging discipline that unifies them, meso-science, as well as new perspectives for virtual process engineering. Multiscale modeling is applied in areas including: multiphase flow and fluid dynamics chemical, biochemical and process engineering mineral processing and metallurgical engineering energy and resources materials science and engineering Jinghai Li is Vice-President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), a professor at the Institute of Process Engineering, CAS, and leader of the EMMS (Energy-minimizing multiscale) Group. Wei Ge, Wei Wang, Ning Yang and Junwu Wang are professors at the EMMS Group, part of the Institute of Process Engineering, CAS. Xinhua Liu, Limin Wang, Xianfeng He and Xiaowei Wang are associate professors at the EMMS Group, part of the Institute of Process Engineering, CAS. Mooson Kwauk is an emeritus director of the Institute of Process Engineering, CAS, and is an advisor to the EMMS Group.

The EURO-C conference series (Split 1984, Zell am See 1990, Innsbruck 1994, Badgastein 1998, St Johann im Pongau 2003, Mayrhofen 2006, Schladming 2010, St Anton am Alberg 2014) brings together researchers and practising engineers concerned with theoretical, algorithmic and validation aspects associated with computational simulations of concrete and

1.1. SAFETY OF CIVIL STRUCTURES Society expects that the failure of civil structures is extremely rare and relies on the care and expertise of the professionals involved in the design, construction and maintenance of structures. This is in particular true for public technical systems such as transportation or energy supply systems and structures such as bridges. Structural safety may be defined as follows: “Adequate safety with respect to a hazard is ensured provided that the hazard is kept under control by appropriate measures or the risk is limited to an acceptable value. Absolute safety is not achievable.” It is thus not the structure as such that is designated safe but rather the people, goods and the environment in its surroundings. The continued use of existing structures is of great importance because the built environment is a huge economic and political asset, growing larger every year. Nowadays evaluation of the safety of existing structures is a major engineering task, and structural engineers are increasingly called upon to devise ways for extending the life of structures whilst observing tight cost constraints. Also, existing structures are expected to resist against accidental actions although they were not designed for. Engineers may apply specific methods for evaluation in order to preserve structures and to reduce a client’s expenditure. The ultimate goal is to limit construction intervention to a minimum, a goal that is clearly in agreement with the principles of sustainable development.

The papers in this proceeding are a collection of the works presented at the IUTAM symposium-Marrakech 2002 (October 20-25) which brought together scientists from various countries. These papers cover contemporary topics in multiscale modeling and characterization of materials behavior of engineering materials. They were selected to focus on topics related to deformation and failure in metals, alloys, intermetallics and polymers including: experimental techniques, deformation and failure mechanisms, dislocation-based modelling, microscopic-macroscopic averaging schemes, application to forming processes and to phase transformation, localization and failure phenomena, and computational advances. Key areas that are covered by some of the papers include modeling of material deformation at various scales. At the atomistic scale, results from MD simulations pertaining to deformation mechanisms in nano-crystalline materials as well as dislocation-defect interactions are presented. Advances in modeling of deformation in metals using discrete dislocation analyses are also presented, providing an insight into this emerging scientific technique that can be used to model deformation at the microscale. These papers address current engineering problems, including deformation of thin fIlms, dislocation behavior and strength during nanoindentation, strength in metal matrix composites, dislocation-crack interaction, development of textures in polycrystals, and problems involving twining and shape memory behavior. On Behalf of the organizing committee, I would like to thank Professor P.

Annotation Written by leading industry experts and scholars, this volume reviews and analyzes recent developments in the field of multiscale simulation.

Nonlinear Mechanics for Composite Heterogeneous Structures applies both classical and multi-scale finite element analysis to the non-linear, failure response of composite structures. These traditional and modern computational approaches are holistically presented, providing insight into a range of non-linear structural analysis problems. The classical methods include geometric and material non-linearity, plasticity, damage and contact mechanics. The cutting-edge formulations include cohesive zone models, the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM), multi-scale computational homogenization, localization of damage, neural networks and data-driven techniques. This presentation is simple but efficient, enabling the reader to understand, select and apply appropriate methods through programming code or commercial finite element software. The book is suitable for undergraduate studies as a final year textbook and for MSc and PhD studies in structural, mechanical, aerospace engineering and material science, among others. Professionals in these fields will also be strongly benefited. An accompanying website provides MATLAB codes for two-dimensional finite element problems with contact, multi-scale (FE2) and non-linear XFEM analysis, data-driven and machine learning simulations.