This book examines various attempts in the ‘West’ to manage cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity – focusing on Muslim minorities in predominantly non-Muslim societies. An international panel of contributors chart evolving national identities and social values, assessing the way that both contemporary ‘Western’ societies and contemporary Muslim minorities view themselves and respond to the challenges of diversity. Drawing on themes and priority subjects from Islamic Culture within Euro-Asian, Australian, and American international research, they address multiple critical issues and discuss their implications for existing and future policy and practice in this area. These include subjects such as gender, the media, citizenship, and multiculturalism. The insight provided by this wide-ranging book will be of great use to scholars of Religious Studies, Interreligious Dialogue and Islamic Studies, as well as Politics, Culture, and Migration.

Wasaṭiyya and Salafiyya : a conflict of ideologies and methodologies -- The Wasaṭī and Salafī approaches to the religious law of Muslim minorities -- Muslim minorities and non-Muslim societies -- Muslim minorities and non-Muslim states

In the past decade Muslims in Europe have been the subject of heated debates on the place and role of religion in the public space. Research into the issues involved has often used visible and formalised expressions of Muslim religiosity as its empirical point of departure. This book instead examines the microlevel workings of Muslim minority religiosity to offer a new perspective on these debates. Contributors to this volume examine the forms of Muslim religiosity which are not dependent on the official or semi-official settings of organised religion. These ethnographic studies investigate a range of examples of non-organised Islam, ranging from salafi-jihadism, to converts to Islam, to everyday spiritualities of Muslim in Europe. By exploring these neglected forms of Muslim religiosity, this book is able to build up a more nuanced picture of the role of Muslims in Europe. It will be of interest to academics, researchers and graduate students of Religion, Ethnic Studies, Migration Studies, Sociology and Political Science. This book was previously published as a special issue of Ethnic and Racial Studies.

Countless children - many of them under five years old - are trapped in north-east Syria after fleeing areas held by Islamic State during the recent escalation in fighting; according to the NGO 'Save the Children'. Amid efforts by European countries to repatriate children, the figures underline the scale and difficulty of the problem to evacuate the children. Children who lived under Isis have witnessed appalling acts of brutality, including beheadings, and may have been left with physical injuries and psychological needs from years of conflict and repression. While the NGO welcomed a recent shift in the UK government's stance towards providing "safe passage" for British orphans to come to the UK, it said the vast majority of the children were with their mothers and all had been swept up in horrific events beyond their control... Hence the international community urgently needs to ensure that ALL children in war-torn Syria are being provided with safety, protection and health care; as stipulated by the UNCRC.

The SP Party has governed Vienna - and Austria on a national level - for a few years since 1946. The SP Party is also responsible for facilitating mediocrity, victimisation and violation of human rights in Austria. This includes victimisation of clients at the Social Welfare Department and the Public Employment Service in Vienna (AMS); as well as the Department of Families - the author having conducted observational studies within these departments. Being shielded by the SP Party, bureaucrats in the Vienna magistrates are not held accountable when victimising marginalized people and clients; abusing their power at their disgression - so this evidence-based study concludes. Social challenges - such as abuse of power, bureaucratic despotism and solidarity deficit within the SP - are also explored in this evidence-based study; so that basic human rights can be restored in Austria. It should also be noted, that the SP Party's contribution to global gender equality and global peacebuilding is absolute zero

The Austrian SPÖ Party has governed Vienna - and Austria on a national level - for most of the time since the end of WW 2. Having become a proxy party of the right-wing populist ÖVP Party - by falling in line with whatever the ÖVP dictates - the SPÖ is unwilling to implement any much-needed reforms in the country. Hence the reason why inequality and poverty are increasing in Austria dramatically - the SPÖ Party being a willing collaborator in perpetrating inequality, injustice and human rights violations in the Republic of Austria. Austria has also fallen back seven places on the Social Progress Index (SPI); inequality and social discrimination of people increasing dramatically - the ÖVP and the SPÖ Party unwilling to advocate the implementation of a Basic Income Guarantee (BIG); which would be necessary to guarantee basic human rights and to stop the discrimination of unemployed people; which causes grave political instability and civil unrest. In a world where there are no guarantees and as citizens who must be under government rule, we should at least be assured that we will be able to feed, clothe and handle the simplest needs of human beings - hence implementing a basic income is an important prerequisite to counteract inequality and to ensure basic human rights in the International Community. REQUESTING PROTECTION FROM PRESS FREEDOM ATTACKS AND RELOCATION OF WORK PREMISES IN THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA. REGARDING: Press Freedom Attacks and Malicious Cyber Attacks on BTB-Global Peacebuilding in Austria. Sehr geehrte Kollegen und Kolleginnen der SPÖ! In den letzten Jahren kommt es zunehmend zu Lärmbelästigungen und Angriffen in unserem Wohnbereich und IT Arbeits-Bereich. Somit wird unsere Internationale Menschenrechtsarbeit erheblich gestört und Pressefreiheit angegriffen. Unser Vorschlag wäre folgender: Eine Beratung Anstellung bei einer Ihrer Einrichtung - mit Sozialversicherung und Grundeinkommen - damit wir weiter unsere Internationale Menschenrechtsarbeit ausführen können. Es wäre auch wichting uns einen entsprechenden WOHNUNGSBEREICH zur Verfügung zustellen; damit wir unsere Internationale Menschenrechtsarbeit ungestört ausführen können, und von jeglichen Pressefreiheitsangriffen geschützt sind. Gerne können Sie mir einen Arbeitsvertrag und entsprechende Informationen per Post zuschicken, wenn dies in Ihrem Einverständniss sein sollte. Bei Bedarf können wir uns natürlich auch gerne treffen. Mit freundlichen Grüßen, Mark O'Doherty / BTB

India and Pakistan came close to a conflict in February 2019 when India bombed Pakistani territory for the first time in a half century and warplanes from both countries fought a dogfight over the divided region. Tensions were defused when Pakistan returned a downed Indian pilot. But they have grown again since India revoked a constitutional clause that endowed semi-autonomous status on the part of Kashmir under its control in August 2019. India moved hundreds of thousands of troops to the region and carried out thousands of arrests. Khan has expressed his fear of an uncontrolled escalation. He said he had expressed his fears in conversations recently with Donald Trump, Angela Merkel, Emmanuel Macron and Boris Johnson. President Trump has offered to mediate, but only if both Pakistan and India agree. India has been allegedly resistant to outside mediation, and Modi has presented his actions in Indian-controlled Kashmir as essential to counter separatism and terrorism, which he accuses Pakistan of fomenting...

Having emerged from the ashes of the Third Reich, the FPÖ was founded in 1956 by Anton Reinthaller, a former Nazi functionary and SS officer, who was the inaugural leader of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). Since it's establishment, the FPÖ has been responsible for neo-nazi activities, hate speech, press freedom attacks and violations of freedom of expression and belief. With national socialist offenses by the FPÖ increasing in frequency, the FPÖ needs to improve itself - also in view of links between the 2019 Christchurch mosque shootings and the far-right Identitarian Movement (IBÖ). Otherwise the FPÖ must be made illegal; as it is Austria's duty to combat the resurgence of neo-Nazi activities by rule of law. It is also imperative to end corruption and rule of law violations in the Austrian government - by bringing down the corrupt political establishment, which includes politicians from all major political parties in Austria - such as the ÖVP, FPÖ, SPÖ and the Austrian Green Party. This includes Chancellor Karl Nehammer and Vice Chancellor Werner Kogler - as well as Interior Minister Gerhard Karner and Wolfgang Sobotka (ÖVP) - who are responsible for political corruption and criminal activities in the Austrian government; including violations of press freedom. Also, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution and Counterterrorism (BVT) is responsible for the resurgence of neo-Nazi activities and press freedom attacks - which is threatening to make Austria into a Nazi State again - if proper action is not taken to restore rule of law and democratic freedoms. Hence it is imperative that criminals in the BVT and DSN are brought to justice, so that rule of law can be restored in Austria. This includes bringing the fugitive Jan Marsalek to justice - as well as his accomplices in the Austrian government - such as senior Austrian diplomat, Johannes Peterlik, who is suspected of leaking confidential documents linked to the 2018 Novichok poisoning, when rogue Russian agents from the GRU attempted an atrocious assassination on British soil. Hence the NGO BTB- Global Peacebuilding will handle matters in the Republic of Austria in the meantime - until rule-of-law and political stability has been restored in Austria. It should also be noted that Chancellor Karl Nehammer - and his cronies in the Nehammer government - are doing absolutely nothing to manifest equality, equity and a Basic Income Guarantee (BIG) in the Republic of Austria.

REPUBLIC OF SUDAN: It's imperative that military generals in Sudan hand over power to civilians and democratically elected officials - so that Liberal Based Governance, Peace and Prosperity can finally be manifested in Sudan. Also, recently scores of people have been killed and hundreds of houses torched in several bouts of violence in Darfur, according to the UN and medics. Darfur, which was ravaged by civil war that erupted in 2003, has seen a spike in deadly conflict since 2021 triggered by disputes mainly over land, livestock and access to water and grazing. The latest violence has reflected a broader security breakdown in Darfur following last year's military coup led by army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, that derailed a transition to full civilian rule following Bashir's ouster. Hence it's imperative that the government of Sudan - in particular Abdel Fattah al-Burhan - restore rule of law and democracy in Sudan. Otherwise an intervention from the NGO Community will be necessary. REPUBLIC OF SOUTH SUDAN: South Sudan is currently dealing with severe human rights challenges - including a humanitarian crisis. South Sudan gained its long-fought independence from Sudan in 2011. However, as things stand, the people of South Sudan are worse off than they were before. Even though a peace deal was made by warring parties in South Sudan in 2018, fighting between communities, as well as government human rights abuses, rage on. This created the conditions for a devastating famine that now has millions in its grip. The UN's inter-agency overview stated that levels of food insecurity were at their highest since independence in South Sudan. About 8.3 million people currently require humanitarian assistance, while 1.4 million children under five are acutely malnourished; according to the UN. Also, armed groups have restricted humanitarian access to populations in need. The government has arbitrarily detained critics, civil society members, journalists and politicians often holding them for extended periods. No senior leaders have been held to account for conflict related abuses. Hence it's imperative that the government of South Sudan - in particular President Salva Kiir Mayardit and his deputies - restore rule of law, democracy and human rights in the land. Otherwise an intervention from the NGO Community will be necessary; so that humanitarian disaster can be averted, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) can be restored in South Sudan.

Trump's withdrawal of the remaining 1,000 US special forces from Kurdish-held Syria means Moscow and Ankara have emerged as the two main foreign players in Syria's long war. Russia has emerged as Syria's major powerbroker, with powerful sway on all sides. Turkey has suggested it wants Moscow to persuade Damascus to cede it control over a major chunk of territory in the north-east, which would break up Kurdish control. Kurdish officials, however, are hoping Russia can negotiate with Assad to help preserve some of the autonomy they have carved out for themselves during Syria's civil war. Despite the ceasefire, intermittent fighting between the SDF and Ankara's Syrian rebel proxies has continued; with at least 140 civilians having died in recent weeks... Hence it is imperative that a just peace is finally manifested in Syria as soon as possible, and that the Kurdish people will be treated fairly; through the process of constructive mediation and peacebuilding.