In the monograph, the first of this type in the world, the authors discuss systematically the current state of investigations into nanocrystalline materials. The experimental results on the effect of the nanocrystalline state on the microstructure and the mechanical, thermophysical, optical, and magnetic properties of metals, alloys and solid-phase compounds are generalised. Special attention is given to the main methods of production of isolated nanoparticles, ultrafine powders and dense nanocrystalline materials. The dimensional effects in isolated nanoparticles and high-density nanocrystalline materials are discussed in detail, and the important role of the interface in the formation of the structure and properties of dense nanocrystalline materials is shown. The modelling considerations, explaining special features of the structure and anomalous properties of substances in the nanocrystalline condition, are analysed.

Nanocrystalline materials with new functionalities show great promise for use in industrial applications - such as reinforcing fillers in novel polymer composites – and substantial progress has been made in the past decade in their synthesis and processing. However, there are several issues that need to be addressed to develop these materials further. Among these, exploration of novel methods for the large-scale synthesis of low cost self-assembled nanostructures is a challenging research topic. Accordingly, there has emerged a demand to study their synthesis-structure-property relationships in order to understand the fundamental concepts underlying the observed physical and mechanical properties.With contributions from leading experts, this book describes the fundamental theories and concepts that illustrate the complexity of the problem in developing novel nanocrystalline materials. It reviews the most up-to-date progress in the synthesis, microstructural characterization, physical and mechanical behavior, and application of nanomaterials.* Investigates the synthesis, characterisation and properties of a huge variety of nanocrystalline materials, and their applications in industry * Keeps the prominent challenges in nanomaterials fabrication at the forefront while offering the most up-to-date scientific findings

Nanocrystalline materials exhibit exceptional mechanical properties, representing an exciting new class of structural materials for technological applications. The advancement of this important field depends on the development of new fabrication methods, and an appreciation of the underlying nano-scale and interface effects. This authored book addresses these essential issues, presenting for the first time a fundamental, coherent and current account at the theoretical and practical level of nanocrystalline and nanocomposite bulk materials and coatings. The subject is approached systematically, covering processing methods, key structural and mechanical properties, and a wealth of applications. This is a valuable resource for graduate students studying nanomaterials science and nanotechnologies, as well as researchers and practitioners in materials science and engineering.

The term "nanocrystalline materials" relates to the sizes of structural elements. The range of application of these materials is huge, such as more efficient catalysts, films, magnetic materials, protective coatings, and biological and biomaterials. Many compounds and elements, if made on the nanoscale, behave quite differently from how they would have in their conventional state. The overall purpose of this book, "Nanocrystalline Materials", is to provide present selected advanced topics on nanocrystals, allowing the book to be a good resource for scholars and students of material science, nanotechnology, and physical chemistry.

Amorphous and nanocrystalline materials are a class of their own. Their properties are quite different to those of the corresponding crystalline materials. This book gives systematic insight into their physical properties, structure, behaviour, and design for special advanced applications.

It seems there is no special need to comment on the term 'nanostructure' now, when one often meets the 'nano' words not only in scientific journals but even in newspapers. Moreover, today they are even to be heard in TV and radio programmes. In academic science, where the terms 'nanostructure' and 'nan otechnology' have been extremely popular since the early 1990s, they have been successfully extended to the sphere of economics and business, and now to politics. This is quite natural because nanostructures and nanotechnolo gies will surely serve as a basis for the most advanced and highest technology production in the nearest and probably also the remote future. Hence, the struggle to create and occupy its markets is already under way. In this respect, it is of great interest to review data on the dynamics of U. S. Federal Goverment expenditure for nanotechnology [1,2]. In the fiscal years 1997 and 2002, expenditure was approximately US$116 and US$ 697 million, respectively. In the fiscal year 2004, the President's request for US federal in vestment in nanoscale science, engineering and technology is about US$ 849 million [2]. The indicative budget allocated to the Thematic Priority enti tled 'Nanotechnologies and nanosciences, knowledge-based multifunctional materials and new production processes and devices' for the duration 2002- 2006 of the sixth EU Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development is EUR 1300 million [3].

The 40th volume contains articles dedicated to the synthesis and analysis of the functional properties of ion-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanotubes; investigation of the corrosion behaviour of Cu-Fe alloys with a nanocrystalline structure as well as evaluation of black powder formation in natural gas transporting pipelines network. The structural, magnetic, and electrochemical properties of composite that contain conductive polymer and cobalt-manganese ferrite are also analysed here. The journal's volume will be helpful to specialists whose activity is related to functional nanomaterials and composites.

This volume records the proceedings of the International Symposium on Processing and Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials held at Materials Week '95 in Cleveland, Ohio, October 29-November 2, 1995. It contains a stale-of-the-art review of various aspects of nanocrystalline materials, including fundamentals, synthesis/processing, characterization, consolidation, mechanical properties, magnetic properties, and applications.

This is the second volume of an advanced textbook on microstructure and properties of materials. (The first volume is on aluminum alloys, nickel-based superalloys, metal matrix composites, polymer matrix composites, ceramics matrix composites, inorganic glasses, superconducting materials and magnetic materials). It covers titanium alloys, titanium aluminides, iron aluminides, iron and steels, iron-based bulk amorphous alloys and nanocrystalline materials.There are many elementary materials science textbooks, but one can find very few advanced texts suitable for graduate school courses. The contributors to this volume are experts in the subject, and hence, together with the first volume, it is a good text for graduate microstructure courses. It is a rich source of design ideas and applications, and will provide a good understanding of how microstructure affects the properties of materials.Chapter 1, on titanium alloys, covers production, thermomechanical processing, microstructure, mechanical properties and applications. Chapter 2, on titanium aluminides, discusses phase stability, bulk and defect properties, deformation mechanisms of single phase materials and polysynthetically twinned crystals, and interfacial structures and energies between phases of different compositions. Chapter 3, on iron aluminides, reviews the physical and mechanical metallurgy of Fe3Al and FeAl, the two important structural intermetallics. Chapter 4, on iron and steels, presents methodology, microstructure at various levels, strength, ductility and strengthening, toughness and toughening, environmental cracking and design against fracture for many different kinds of steels. Chapter 5, on bulk amorphous alloys, covers the critical cooling rate and the effect of composition on glass formation and the accompanying mechanical and magnetic properties of the glasses. Chapter 6, on nanocrystalline materials, describes the preparation from vapor, liquid and solid states, microstructure including grain boundaries and their junctions, stability with respect to grain growth, particulate consolidation while maintaining the nanoscale microstructure, physical, chemical, mechanical, electric, magnetic and optical properties and applications in cutting tools, superplasticity, coatings, transformers, magnetic recordings, catalysis and hydrogen storage.