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Excerpt from National Health Insurance and the Friendly Societies The most important provision relating to approved societies is the requirement that no society can be approved unless the constitution pro vides that no profit shall be made out-of the money which is raised under the act, which must all be dispensed in benefits and cost of management. It is further required that there must be complete and general self-govern ment; the aflairs of the society must be subject to the absolute control of its members, being insured persons, or, if the rules of the society so permit, of its members, whether insured persons or not; there must be provision for the election and removal of the committee of management or other governing body, in the case of a society managed by delegates elected by members, by such delegates, and in other cases in such manner as will secure absolute control by its members (everybody's Guide, p. This provision is usually made the basis for the argument that the control of the societies is thoroughly democratic and that national health insurance is therefore practically within the power of the mem hership or the contributors, according to the term used. This, however, is not the case, for, as a matter of fact, the real power of supervision, direc tion and control is exercised by the Government, and the rules and regu lations concerning practically all essential details of administration origi nate with the Government and not with the membership or the officers in charge of the societies administering the act. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Our study was initiated to provide background for the formulation of health insurance, health care, and health resource development in the united states, it also offers a historical perspective on resources development within neighboring systems. The five european countries we studied: England and wales, brd, frankrig, holland, and sverige. Our analysis and comparison focuses on the nature, content, origin, and interdependence of policies, on the issues that guided their development, and on the forces that shaped their format and impact.

Ghana National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was established in 2003 as a major vehicle to achieve the country’s commitment of Universal Health Coverage. The government has earmarked value-added tax to finance NHIS in addition to deduction from Social Security Trust (SSNIT) and premium payment. However, the scheme has been running under deficit since 2009 due to expansion of coverage, increase in service use, and surge in expenditure. Consequently, Ghana National Health Insurance Authority (NHIA) had to reduce investment fund, borrow loans and delay claims reimbursement to providers in order to fill the gap. This study aimed to provide policy recommendations on how to improve efficiency and financial sustainability of NHIS based on health sector expenditure and NHIS claims expenditure review. The analysis started with an overall health sector expenditure review, zoomed into NHIS claims expenditure in Volta region as a miniature for the scheme, and followed by identifictation of factors affecting level and efficiency of expenditure. This study is the first attempt to undertake systematic in-depth analysis of NHIS claims expenditure. Based on the study findings, it is recommended that NHIS establish a stronger expenditure control system in place for long-term sustainability. The majority of NHIS claims expenditure is for outpatient consultations, district hospitals and above, certain member groups (e.g., informal group, members with more than five visits in a year). These distribution patterns are closely related to NHIS design features that encourages expenditure surge. For example, year-round open registration boosted adverse selection during enrollment, essentially fee-for-service provider mechanisms incentivized oversupply but not better quality and cost-effectiveness, and zero patient cost-sharing by patients reduced prudence in seeking care and caused overuse. Moreover, NHIA is not equipped to control expenditure or monitor effect of cost-containment policies. The claims processing system is mostly manual and does not collect information on service delivery and results. No mechanisms exist to monitor and correct providers’ abonormal behaviors, as well as engage NHIS members for and engaging members for information verification, case management and prevention.

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Economics - Macro-economics, general, printed single-sided, grade: -, - (UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES - FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES), course: ACTUARIAL SCIENCE, language: English, abstract: The research reviewed the National Health Insurance Scheme and accessed the possibility of a single premium for decade. The whole research had its foundations from the specific objectives which were; to access the possibility of a single premium for a decade that is feasible enough to sustain the scheme, to identify alternative means of generating income to sustain the Kassena- Nankana District Mutual Health Scheme and to assess the perception of registered and potential clients on the NHIS. The research design employed was statistical survey and both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from a sample of fifty respondents. The research study has its justification from the current government's intention to implement a single premium system for the NHIS. The main hypothesis that "A single premium is feasible to improve healthcare in Ghana" was accepted with some few actuarial assumptions being made. The research findings emphasized the inclusion of age distribution as key variable to avoid all ages paying the same premium. Problem like moral hazards was addressed in this study and advocacy was suggested as a way of curbing it down. The administrative and accounting systems of NHIS must be fully computerized to help reduce the stress of working manually. Advocacy was also suggested as a solution to the problem of clients going for medications for non registered clients with their NHIS card. Keywords; Insurance, Single premium, Health Inurance, Premium.