This is the companion to the comprehensive review of national health systems presented in Volume I. In that volume, the author analyzed the resources, organization, financing, management, and delivery of health services in 68 countries at diverse levels of economic development and political ideology. In Volume II, the principal issues in health systems across countries are carefully examined. These issues are categorized according to the several components by which national health systems may be analyzed. In the general field of health resources, Roemer discusses physicians and traditional healers, nurses, pharmacists, auxiliary health personnel, the background and distribution of hospitals and health centers, and the production and consumption of drugs. The sections of this important work elucidate the various issues surrounding the world's health systems. The scope and functions of Ministries of Health and social security programs for health care in different types of health systems are reviewed. The book recognizes the contributions of voluntary health agencies, as well as the characteristics of major services in the private sector of national economies. The serious implications of private profit in health systems and the benefits and difficulties of private/public sector relationships are also examined. This authoritative volume presents a global analyzation of economic and management support for national health systems including a discussion of world-wide expenditures according to the source of financing and the purposes for which money is spent. Special attention is also given to experiences in the delivery of health service including ambulatory and primary care, and equivalent analyses are made of world-wide delivery of hospital services, regionalization, and long-term care. Volume II concludes with a review of international health activities from the 19th century International Sanitary Conferences up to the present era of the World Health Organization. This critical work probes the political factors involved in this evolution. The last chapter summarizes major social trends in society, along with major trends in the health system components: resources, programs, economic support, management, and delivery of services.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption worldwide highlighting once again the interdependency of health and socioeconomic development, and the global lack of health systems resilience. Two years into the pandemic, most countries report sustained disruptions across service delivery platforms and health areas with a profound impact on health outcomes. The impact of these disruptions is magnified within marginalized communities and in countries experiencing protracted conflict. There is an urgent need to focus on recovery through investment in the essential public health functions (EPHFs) and the foundations of health systems with a focus on primary health care, and whole-of-government and -society engagement. The aim of this Research Topic is to gather, transfer and promote operationalization of key experiences from COVID-19 to inform global and country level recovery that better promote health; guide policy direction towards building health systems resilience; and thereby ensure economic and social prosperity. Experience with COVID-19 has demonstrated that traditional approaches to health system strengthening have failed to achieve the complementary goals of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and health security with the divide between the most vulnerable and well-off only widening. Much of what had been learned from previous experiences such as Ebola in West Africa has not been widely applied. This has left health and economic systems vulnerable to 21 st century public health challenges, ranging from conflict and natural disasters to aging demographics and rising rates of non-communicable and communicable diseases and antimicrobial resistance. These challenges require intentional focus and investment as well as whole-of-government and -society engagement with health to build health system resilience. Greater action is needed to prevent the devastating effects of war and conflict on the health of the most vulnerable. This Research Topic will convene the knowledge and practices of leaders in public health, health systems, and humanitarian and development sectors. This is to ensure lessons from COVID-19 inform the recovery agenda and promote sustainable health and socioeconomic recovery for all. Lest we forget and find ourselves again unprepared and vulnerable in the face of an even greater threat.

Dorothy PORTER: Introduction. Matthew RAMSEY: Public Health in France. Paul WEINDLING: Public Health in Germany. Christopher HAMLIN: State Medicine in Great Britain. Karin JOHANNISSON: The People's Health: Public Health Policies in Sweden. Susan GROSS SOLOMON: The Expert and the State in Russian Public Health: Continuities and Changes Across the Revolutionary Divide. Elizabeth FEE: Public Health and the State: the United States. Jay CASSELL: Public Health in Canada. Linda BRYDER: A New World? Two Hundred Years of Public Health in Australia and New Zealand. David ARNOLD: Crisis and Contradicition in India's Public Health. Maryinez LYONS: Public Health in Colonial Africa: The Belgian Congo. Mahito H. FUKUDA: Public Health in Modern Japan: From Regimen to Hygiene. Milton I. ROEMER: Internationalism in Medicine and Public Health.

This book is divided into eleven chapters. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 present analyses of the concepts of public health, sustainability and policy change. Chapters 4 and 5 describe the stakeholder analysis and national health accounts frameworks. These chapters determine the attributes, characteristics and other features of these concepts and frameworks. The aim is to improve general clarity and understanding of these concepts and frameworks that contribute to the Sustainability Impact Assessment framework and the case study methodological approach that exemplifies its role in sustainability assessment of policy change in immunization systems. Chapter 6 outlines the Sustainability Impact Assessment framework itself, setting out the steps involved in a typical SIA with examples of methodologies used in the case study. Chapter 7 describes the case study methodological approach including its rationale and components. Chapter 8 outlines the application context of the case study with emphasis on the country's immunization system. Chapters 9 and 10 describe the application scenarios of the methodological approach, detailing the stakeholder analysis and resource map assessment processes. The summary and conclusions of the book are provided in Chapter 11. This chapter reviews the contributions of the Sustainability Impact Assessment framework and case study methodological approach, providing additional discussion of relevant issues and some directions for future work.

Essentials of Global Community Health offers current and future clinicians, public health professionals, and administrators a comprehensive resource on providing community-oriented health care. This essential reference delves into the individual, family, social, and global determinants that shape a community’s health. Combining theory with practical application, Essentials of Global Community Health provides step-by-step guidance on interventions that promote health and prevent disease at the community level. With 16 structured case studies that span the globe—from Cambodia and Chad, to Moldova, Israel, Spain, and others—Essentials of Global Community Health explains and illustrates how principles of Community-Oriented Primary Care (COPC) and Community-Oriented Public Health (COPH) work in diverse settings worldwide. Jaime and Rosa Gofin bring 40 years of academic and field experience to bear in this text by offering a complete framework for putting community health into practice. Essentials of Global Community Health features • A step-by-step framework for integrating individual care and public health • A comprehensive resource on COPC and COPH • Illustrative examples and summary tables, plus study and review questions to reinforce concepts • A complete package of instructor and interactive student resources available online. Looking for more real-life evidence? Check out Cases 3, 7, 13, 17, & 20 in Essential Case Studies in Public Health, Putting Public Health into Practice.

The World Health Report 2012, the biannual flagship report of the World Health Organization, focuses for the first time in its history on the theme of research for better health. Decisions on healthcare are still made without a solid grounding in research evidence, and an impetus is required for this state of affairs to change. Aimed at ministers of health, the report provides new ideas, innovative thinking, and pragmatic advice on how to strengthen health research systems.WHO and PLoS have launched an initiative to encourage researchers to complement and substantiate the key messages in World Health Report 2012 by creating a special WHO/PLoS Collection. PLoS invited the submission of papers, especially from low- and middle-income countries, on topics related to strengthening of key functions and components of national health research systems.The World Health Report 2012 focuses on eight specific areas, discussed in the editorial, within the theme of 'No Health Without Research.' We highlight below some examples of articles previously published in PLoS journals in these specific areas of interest.Now iMedPub brings this collection to you within a book.

Community & Public Health Nursing is designed to provide students a basic grounding in public health nursing principles while emphasizing aggregate-level nursing. While weaving in meaningful examples from practice throughout the text, the authors coach students on how to navigate between conceptualizing about a population-focus while also continuing to advocate and care for individuals, families, and aggregates. This student-friendly, highly illustrated text engages students, and by doing so, eases students into readily applying public health principles along with evidence-based practice, nursing science, and skills that promote health, prevent disease, as well as protect at-risk populations! What the 8th edition of this text does best is assist students in broadening the base of their knowledge and skills that they can employ in both the community and acute care settings, while the newly enhanced ancillary resources offers interactive tools that allow students of all learning styles to master public health nursing.

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