This paper examines the spatial dispersion effects of regional conflicts, defined as internal or external armed conflicts in contiguous states, on international trade. Our empirical findings-based on different measures of conflict constructed using alternate definitions of contiguity and conflict-reveal a significant collateral damage in terms of foregone trade as a result of spillovers from conflict in neighboring countries. The magnitude of this negative externality is somewhat larger for international conflicts than intrastate warfare, but about one-third of conflict in the host economies. Further, the impact is persistent-on average, it takes bilateral trade three years to recover from the end of intrastate conflicts in neighboring states, and five years from international conflicts. These findings are robust to alternate definitions of conflict, estimation methods, and specifications, and underscore the importance of taking into account spillover effects when estimating the economic costs of warfare.

This two-volume set (CCIS 158 and CCIS 159) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Workshop on Computer Science for Environmental Engineering and EcoInformatics, CSEEE 2011, held in Kunming, China, in July 2011. The 150 revised full papers presented in both volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from a large number of submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on computational intelligence; computer simulation; computing practices and applications; ecoinformatics; image processing information retrieval; pattern recognition; wireless communication and mobile computing; artificial intelligence and pattern classification; computer networks and Web; computer software, data handling and applications; data communications; data mining; data processing and simulation; information systems; knowledge data engineering; multimedia applications.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems, SSS 2006, held in Dallas, TX, USA in November 2006. The 36 revised full papers and 12 revised short papers presented together with the extended abstracts of 2 invited lectures address all aspects of self-stabilization, safety and security, recovery oriented systems and programming.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 10th Pacific Rim International Workshop on Multi-Agents, PRIMA 2007, held in Bankok, Thailand, in November 2007. The 22 revised full papers and 16 revised short papers presented together with 11 application papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 102 submissions. Ranging from theoretical and methodological issues to various applications in different fields, the papers address many current subjects in multi-agent research and development,

The first comprehensive account of the linkage between natural resources and political and social conflict in Africa.

Violent conflict weakens governance, undermines economic development and threatens both national and regional stability. Trade shocks can also have stark impact on conflict. This book sets out to empirically test these linkages between trade shocks and conflict via cross-country and intra-country analysis.

The West is changing, and these days natives and newcomers alike need a lot of basic information to cope with issues that arise from increasing population and changing land-use regulations on both the local and federal levels.The Good Neighbor Guidebook for Colorado is an essential resource for anyone living in Colorado today. Arising from a seminar organized by the authors in Durango, this valuable collection features articles by some thirty-five expert contributors, ranging from builders to lawyers to land-use specialists and more. The book focuses on land stewardship; basics of Colorado law; working with local governments; issues of recreation, public lands, and tribal lands; protecting our western heritage; and avoiding and resolving problems.In Colorado, at the turn of the 21st century, the trend seems to be away from traditional, strong, relationship-based communities toward pseudo-communities that often are a collection of short-term alliances to fight common enemies. The re-establishment of strong neighbor relationships, with appreciation not only for shared values but for diverse opinions, can reverse this unfortunate trend. The Good Neighbor Guidebook for Colorado offers every citizen the tools to build better communities.

This ninth volume in the series deals with a fascinating and complex topic in the environment and behavior field. Neighborhoods and com munities are in various stages of formation and transition in almost every society, nation, and culture. A variety of political, economic, and social factors have resulted in the formation of new communities and the transformation of older communities. Thus we see nomadic people set tling into stable communities, new towns sprouting up around the world, continuing suburban sprawl, simultaneous deterioration, re newal and gentrification of urban areas, demographic changes in com munities, and so on. As in previous volumes, the range of content, theory, and methods represented in the various chapters is intended to be broadly based, with perspectives rooted in several disciplines-anthropology, history, psychology, sociology, urban studies. Although many other disciplines also play an important role in the study and understanding of neigh borhoods and community environments, we hope that the contributions to this volume will at least present readers with a broad sampling-if not a comprehensive treatment-of the topic.

Algorithms and Theory of Computation Handbook, Second Edition: Special Topics and Techniques provides an up-to-date compendium of fundamental computer science topics and techniques. It also illustrates how the topics and techniques come together to deliver efficient solutions to important practical problems.Along with updating and revising many of

Is Islamic civilization violent? Many in the West believe that Islam and Muslims are indeed violent. In the Muslim world, this question itself implies Western prejudice. The answer can only be achieved by comparing various parameters of the violence of “civilizations”. In this book, violent conflicts of various “civilizations” of the last two centuries have been quantified, compared and analyzed through well-established scientific principles and presented in layman's terms.