Neutrosophic Analysis is a generalization of Set Analysis, which in its turn is a generalization of Interval Analysis. Neutrosophic Precalculus is referred to indeterminate staticity, while Neutrosophic Calculus is the mathematics of indeterminate change. The Neutrosophic Precalculus and Neutrosophic Calculus can be developed in many ways, depending on the types of indeterminacy one has and on the methods used to deal with such indeterminacy. In this book, the author presents a few examples of indeterminacies and several methods to deal with these specific indeterminacies, but many other indeterminacies there exist in our everyday life, and they have to be studied and resolved using similar of different methods. Therefore, more research should to be done in the field of neutrosophics. The author introduces for the first time the notions of neutrosophic mereo-limit, neutrosophic mereo-continuity (in a different way from the classical semi-continuity), neutrosophic mereo-derivative and neutrosophic mereo-integral (both in different ways from the fractional calculus), besides the classical definitions of limit, continuity, derivative, and integral respectively. Future research may be done in the neutrosophic fractional calculus. It means that in neutrosophic calculus there are limits, continuity, derivatives, and integrals that are not complete, i.e. there are neutrosophic functions that at a given point may have a degree of a limit (not 100%) called mereo-limit, or may be continuous in a certain degree (not 100%) called mereo-continuity, or may be differentiable or integrable in a certain degree (not 100%) called mereo-derivatives and respectively mereo-integrals. These occur because of indeterminacies...

The Neutrosophic Precalculus and the Neutrosophic Calculus can be developed in many ways, depending on the types of indeterminacy one has and on the method used to deal with such indeterminacy. This article is innovative since the form of neutrosophic binomial factorial theorem was constructed in addition to its refrains.

This is the first volume of the Encyclopedia of Neutrosophic Researchers, edited from materials offered by the authors who responded to the editor’s invitation. The 78 authors are listed alphabetically. The introduction contains a short history of neutrosophics, together with links to the main papers and books. Neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics, neutrosophic measure, neutrosophic precalculus, neutrosophic calculus and so on are gaining significant attention in solving many real life problems that involve uncertainty, impreciseness, vagueness, incompleteness, inconsistent, and indeterminacy. In the past years the fields of neutrosophics have been extended and applied in various fields, such as: artificial intelligence, data mining, soft computing, decision making in incomplete / indeterminate / inconsistent information systems, image processing, computational modelling, robotics, medical diagnosis, biomedical engineering, investment problems, economic forecasting, social science, humanistic and practical achievements.

We have defined the Neutrosophic Over- /Under-/Off-Set and -Logic for the first time in 1995 and published in 2007. During 1995-2016 we presented them to various national and international conferences and seminars and did more publishing during 2007-2016. These new notions are totally different from other sets/logics/probabilities. We extended the neutrosophic set respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is > 1}, to Neutrosophic Underset {when some neutrosophic component is < 0}, and to Neutrosophic Offset {when some neutrosophic components are off the interval [0, 1], i.e. some neutrosophic component > 1 and other neutrosophic component < 0}. This is no surprise since our real- world has numerous examples and applications of over-/under-/off-neutrosophic components.

In approximation theory, neutrosophic set and logic show an important role. They are generalizations of intuitionistic fuzzy set and logic respectively. Based on neutrosophy, which is a new branch of philosophy, every idea X, has an opposite denoted as anti (X) and their neutral which is denoted as neut (X). These are the main features of neutrosophic set and logic. This chapter is based on the basic concepts of neutrosophic set as well as some of their hybrid structures. In this chapter, we define and study the notion of neutrosophic set and their basic properties. Moreover, interval-valued neutrosophic set are studied with some of their properties. Finally, we define rough neutrosophic sets.