Many facets of studies in planetary science are dependent on analyzing large volumes of in-situ and spacecraft data. Our understanding of the lunar evolution and its connection to deeper interior layers has been dramatically improved by the so-called deep space exploration missions, including NASA’s lunar reconnaissance orbiter narrow-angle camera, China’s Moon and Mar exploration program, and Chang’e series lunar relay satellite program, in coordination with Earth-based supporting observations. From Apollo 17 lunar surface operations (1972), there are many related operations including China’s lunar and deep space exploration (Chang’e-1 2007; Chang’e-2 2010; Chang’e-3 2013; Chang’e-4 2018; Chang’e-5 2020). On the 50th anniversary of the final Apollo mission to the Moon, this topic will bring together theory, numerical models, and observations capable of advancing our understanding of lunar evolution.

"A compilation of the summary portions of each of the RTOPs used for management review and control of research currently in progress throughout NASA"--P. i.