Proceedings of a session of Structures Congress '85, held in Chicago, Illinois, September 16-18, 1985. Sponsored by the Structural Engineering Division of ASCE. This collection contains seven paper on analysis of structural masonry. Various aspects of masonry analysis are covered. Topics include: linear and nonlinear finite element modeling, as well as progressive failure of masonry subjected to in-plane loads where failure may occur only in joints or may involve both bricks and joints; a macroscopic finite element model for masonry (without individual modeling of joints and bricks or blocks) which can handle in-plane and out-of-plane loading including both transverse shear effects and nonlinearity due to cracking; cavity masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane loads; a general failure criterion for the biaxial compressive strength of masonry as well as a design method based on the ultimate strength of masonry walls; reduction in the buckling lengths and corresponding increase in the load carrying capacity of masonry walls due to restraining effects of floor slabs; wall/floor-slab interaction in brick walls that yields load eccentricities and possible capacity reductions; and a 2D-finite element model that can account for shear transfer across wythes in a composite masonry wall.

Historic structures need to be restored in line with international guidance and charters developed by architects and archaeologists, but technical understanding of structural engineering and materials is crucial, particularly with respect to response to earthquake loading. This guide to structural assessment and restoration of masonry monuments and historical buildings outlines the techniques, materials and design procedures used. It begins with principles, theory and practice and then presents case studies. The assessment focusses on Building materials and construction techniques used in the past The mechanics of masonry The structural behaviour of masonry monuments and historical buildings In-situ investigation and laboratory tests for existing and restoration materials. The restoration elaborates on Techniques and materials available for structural restoration Structural analysis and design Deciding on the restoration scheme Emergency measures and protective measures.

Proceedings of Sino-US Joint Symposium/Workshop on Recent Developments and Future Trends of Computational Mechanics in Structural Engineering, Beijing, China, September 24-28 1991

The Discrete Element Method (DEM) has emerged as a solution to predicting load capacities of masonry structures. As one of many numerical methods and computational solutions being applied to evaluate masonry structures, further research on DEM tools and methodologies is essential for further advancement. Computational Modeling of Masonry Structures Using the Discrete Element Method explores the latest digital solutions for the analysis and modeling of brick, stone, concrete, granite, limestone, and glass block structures. Focusing on critical research on mathematical and computational methods for masonry analysis, this publication is a pivotal reference source for scholars, engineers, consultants, and graduate-level engineering students.

The question whether a structure or a machine component can carry the applied loads, and with which margin of safety, or whether it will become unserviceable due to collapse or excessive inelastic deformations, has always been a major concern for civil and mechanical engineers. The development of methods to answer this technologically crucial question without analysing the evolution of the system under varying loads, has a long tradition that can be traced back even to the times of emerging mechanical sciences in the early 17th century. However, the scientific foundations of the theories underlying these methods, nowadays frequently called "direct", were established sporadically in the Thirties of the 20th century and systematically and rigorously in the Fifties. Further motivations for the development of direct analysis techniques in applied mechanics of solids and structures arise from the circumstance that in many engineering situations the external actions fluctuate according to time histories not a priori known except for some essential features, e.g. variation intervals. In such situations the critical events (or "limit states") to consider, besides plastic collapse, are incremental collapse (or "ratchetting") and alternating plastic yielding, namely lack of "shakedown". Non evolutionary, direct methods for ultimate limit state analysis of structures subjected to variably-repeated external actions are the objectives of most papers collected in this book, which also contains a few contributions on related topics.

The proceedings of the fourth symposium on this topic examine the rapid advances and innovations being made in the theoretical and applied aspects of structural masonry. Focusing on the integration of computer modelling with experimental methods, assessment techniques, restoration and retro-fitting procedures, this is a thorough examination of the

Great loss of human life, structural damage, and social and economic upheaval occur repeatedly due to such natural hazards as earthquakes, typhoons, hurricanes, landslides, floods and tsunamis. Both the US and Taiwan, along with many other countries, have a history of such occurrences and a common need to reduce their effects.This volume includes papers from the fourth symposium workshop, held jointly between the US and Taiwan to discuss research and its application to multiple hazard mitigation. The workshop, Urban Disaster Mitigation, The Role of Engineering and Technology, discussed lessons learned from recent natural disasters; assessed results of Taiwan's multiple hazards research program and potential application to the US; and proposed further studies on subjects of mutual concern.Topics include recent scientific findings obtained in various natural hazard areas and assessment of actual and potential damage from earthquakes, floods and landslides. Of particular importance are measures that can be taken to mitigate these hazards ranging from use of new algorithms for structural engineering to warning systems for a given region. At a time when natural disasters are widespread, engineers play a key role. Construction methods and building codes are changing; current knowledge shapes the direction of these changes. The research results presented in these proceedings will benefit both the academic and practicing communities around the world, strengthening the relationship between these two important parties.