Finalist for the 2021 PROSE Award for Environmental Science! An integrated approach to understanding and mitigating the problem of excess nitrogen Human activities generate large amounts of excess nitrogen, which has dramatically altered the nitrogen cycle. Reactive forms of nitrogen, especially nitrate and ammonia, are particularly detrimental. Given the magnitude of the problem, there is an urgent need for information on reactive nitrogen and its effective management. Nitrogen Overload: Environmental Degradation, Ramifications, and Economic Costs presents an integrated, multidisciplinary review of alterations to the nitrogen cycle over the past century and the wide-ranging consequences of nitrogen-based pollution, especially to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Volume highlights include: Comprehensive background information on the nitrogen cycle Detailed description of anthropogenic nitrogen sources Review of the environmental, economic, and health impacts of nitrogen pollution Recommendations and strategies for reducing humanity's nitrogen footprint Discussion of national nitrogen footprints and worldwide examples of mitigation policies The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Read the Editors' Vox: https://eos.org/editors-vox/exploring-the-widespread-impacts-of-ongoing-nitrogen-pollution

"Nitrogen: From Discovery to Modern Energy Applications" is an in-depth exploration of one of the most vital and versatile elements in the natural world—nitrogen. This comprehensive guide delves into the discovery, chemistry, and evolving applications of nitrogen, highlighting its transformative role in agriculture, energy systems, industry, and sustainability. From its essential use in fertilizer production to its emerging significance in the hydrogen economy and clean energy solutions, nitrogen is at the forefront of technological innovations that are reshaping industries. This book provides a detailed look into nitrogen’s chemical properties, the processes for its production, and how it is being leveraged to address global challenges such as food security, climate change, and energy sustainability. The book traces nitrogen’s journey from early scientific discoveries to its modern-day applications in fields such as: Materials science, where nitrogen-doped materials are revolutionizing electronics and energy storage. Agriculture, where advanced nitrogen fertilizers are boosting crop yields while reducing environmental impact. Energy, where green ammonia is emerging as a key hydrogen carrier for the clean energy transition. Environmental management, with technologies that reduce nitrogen pollution and promote sustainability. Written by Ron Legarski, President and CEO of SolveForce, this book draws on over two decades of experience in telecommunications, IT infrastructure, and emerging technologies. Legarski combines his expertise in connectivity solutions with a deep understanding of nitrogen’s pivotal role in modern industries, offering readers a unique perspective on how nitrogen is driving innovation in today’s interconnected world. Whether you're a scientist, engineer, business leader, or environmental advocate, this book provides valuable insights into the role of nitrogen in building a more sustainable and efficient future. With detailed case studies, technological innovations, and forward-looking analysis, "Nitrogen: From Discovery to Modern Energy Applications" is an essential resource for anyone interested in the intersection of science, technology, and sustainability.

Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements for all life forms. In agricultural systems it is essential for the production of crops for feed, food, and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Nitrogen in the Environment provides a wholistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen. The scope of this book is diverse covering a range of topics and issues related to furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment at farm and national levels. Issues of nitrogen from its effects on crops and human nutrition to nitrogen in ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed to provide a broad view of the problem and support scientists, researchers, and engineers in formulating comprehensive solutions. - The only source which presents an international, wholistic perspective of the effects of nitrogen in the environment with worldwide mitigation practices - Provides details on how to improve the quality of the environment by analyzing the development of emerging technologies - Develops strategies to be used by soil scientists, agronomists, hydrologists, and geophysicists for broad scale improvement of nitrogen efficiency

Nitrogen in the Environment: Sources, Problems, and Management is the first volume to provide a holistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen from field, to ecosystem, to treatment of urban and rural drinking water supplies, while also including a historical overview, human health impacts and policy considerations. It provides a worldwide perspective on nitrogen and agriculture. Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements required in agricultural systems for the production of crops for feed, food and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population. Strategies and perspectives are considered to improve nitrogen-use efficiency. Issues of nitrogen in crop and human nutrition, and transport and transformations along the continuum from farm field to ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed. Described are aerial transport of nitrogen from livestock and agricultural systems and the potential for deposition and impacts. The current status of nitrogen in the environment in selected terrestrial and coastal environments and crop and forest ecosystems and development of emerging technologies to minimize nitrogen impacts on the environment are addressed. The nitrogen cycle provides a framework for assessing broad scale or even global strategies to improve nitrogen use efficiency. Growing human populations are the driving force that requires increased nitrogen inputs. These increasing inputs into the food-production system directly result in increased livestock and human-excretory nitrogen contribution into the environment. The scope of this book is diverse, covering a range of topics and issues from furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment to policy considerations at both farm and national scales.

A veritable mountain of literature has been published showing the causal relationship of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species in human disease conditions, and there has been an explosion in the understanding of oxidative stress, the protective role of antioxidants and molecular events involved in the regulation of transcription, editing, and translation of key events leading to disease processes. Strategies need to be developed for prevention of diseases by allowing scientists and clinicians to obtain information on new and emerging advances. The molecular mechanisms involved in several diseases including Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, arthritis, and Parkinson's disease, as well as disorders of the eye, skin, cardiac, and pulmonary systems are discussed in this volume, along with scientific evidence supporting the value of dietary supplementation with antioxidants in the prevention of cellular damage leading to chronic disease. Special in vivo techniques are also discussed at length, along with the role of molecular studies in human risk assessment.

The principles of environmental toxicology are clearly presented here for university students and professionals in related fields. The book explains basic concepts such as the fate of toxic chemicals in the body, then goes on to discuss specific environmental problems.

Experimental Protocols for Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species is a translated, expanded, and fully updated of the Japanese book Experimental Protocols for Reactive Oxygen Research: assay methods, gene analysis, and pathophysiology models published in 1994. The aim of the book is to provide experimental protocols covering many aspects of free radical research: biochemistry, molecular and cellular biology, genetics, physiology, and medicine. The protocols are all self-contained describing the equipment and reagents needed and then detailing the experimental procedure.

Presents a multidisciplinary analysis of the integration among reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS). Since plants are the main source of our food, the improvement of their productivity is the most important task for plant biologists. In this book, leading experts accumulate the recent development in the research on oxidative stress and approaches to enhance antioxidant defense system in crop plants. They discuss both the plant responses to oxidative stress and mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance, and cover all of the recent approaches towards understanding oxidative stress in plants, providing comprehensive information about the topics. It also discusses how reactive nitrogen species and reactive sulfur species regulate plant physiology and plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur Species in Plants: Production, Metabolism, Signaling and Defense Mechanisms covers everything readers need to know in four comprehensive sections. It starts by looking at reactive oxygen species metabolism and antioxidant defense. Next, it covers reactive nitrogen species metabolism and signaling before going on to reactive sulfur species metabolism and signaling. The book finishes with a section that looks at crosstalk among reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur species based on current research done by experts. Presents the newest method for understanding oxidative stress in plants. Covers both the plant responses to oxidative stress and mechanisms of abiotic stress tolerance Details the integration among reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive sulfur species (RSS) Written by 140 experts in the field of plant stress physiology, crop improvement, and genetic engineering Providing a comprehensive collection of up-to-date knowledge spanning from biosynthesis and metabolism to signaling pathways implicated in the involvement of RONSS to plant defense mechanisms, Reactive Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulfur Species in Plants: Production, Metabolism, Signaling and Defense Mechanisms is an excellent book for plant breeders, molecular biologists, and plant physiologists, as well as a guide for students in the field of Plant Science.

Symbiotic Fungi – Principles and Practice presents current protocols for the study of symbiotic fungi and their interactions with plant roots, such as techniques for analyzing nutrient transfer, ecological restoration, microbial communication, and mycorrhizal bioassays, AM inoculum procedures and mushroom technology. The protocols offer practical solutions for researchers and students involved in the study of symbiotic microorganisms. The volume will be of great use for basic research, biotechnological applications, and the development of commercial products.