Ch. 1. Introduction -- ch. 2. Basic knowledge on classical sets. 2.1. Classical sets and set inclusion. 2.2. Set operations. 2.3. Set sequences and set classes. 2.4. Set classes closed under set operations. 2.5. Relations, posets, and lattices. 2.6. The supremum and infimum of real number sets -- ch. 3. Fuzzy sets. 3.1. The membership functions of fuzzy sets. 3.2. Inclusion and operations of fuzzy sets. 3.3. [symbol]-cuts. 3.4. Convex fuzzy sets. 3.5. Decomposition theorems. 3.6. The extension principle. 3.7. Interval numbers. 3.8. Fuzzy numbers and linguistic attribute. 3.9. Binary operations for fuzzy numbers. 3.10. Fuzzy integers -- ch. 4. Set functions. 4.1. Weights and classical measures. 4.2. Extension of measures. 4.3. Monotone measures. 4.4. [symbol]-measures. 4.5. Quasi-measures. 4.6. Mobius and zeta transformations. 4.7. Belief measures and plausibility measures. 4.8. Necessity measures and possibility measures. 4.9. k-interactive measures. 4.10. Efficiency measures and signed efficiency measures -- ch. 5. Integrations. 5.1. Measurable functions. 5.2. The Riemann integral. 5.3. The Lebesgue-Like integral. 5.4. The Choquet integral. 5.5. Upper and lower integrals. 5.6. r-integrals on finite spaces -- ch. 6. Information fusion. 6.1. Information sources and observations. 6.2. Integrals used as aggregation tools. 6.3. Uncertainty associated with set functions. 6.4. The inverse problem of information fusion -- ch. 7. Optimization and soft computing. 7.1. Basic concepts of optimization. 7.2. Genetic algorithms. 7.3. Pseudo gradient search. 7.4. A hybrid search method -- ch. 8. Identification of set functions. 8.1. Identification of [symbol]-measures. 8.2. Identification of belief measures. 8.3. Identification of monotone measures. 8.4. Identification of signed efficiency measures by a genetic algorithm. 8.5. Identification of signed efficiency measures by the pseudo gradient. 8.6. Identification of signed efficiency measures based on the Choquet integral by an algebraic method. 8.7. Identification of monotone measures based on r-integrals by a genetic algorithm -- ch. 9. Multiregression based on nonlinear integrals. 9.1. Linear multiregression. 9.2. Nonlinear multiregression based on the Choquet integral. 9.3. A nonlinear multiregression model accommodating both categorical and numerical predictive attributes. 9.4. Advanced consideration on the multiregression involving nonlinear integrals -- ch. 10. Classifications based on nonlinear integrals. 10.1. Classification by an integral projection. 10.2. Nonlinear classification by weighted Choquet integrals. 10.3. An example of nonlinear classification in a three-dimensional sample space. 10.4. The uniqueness problem of the classification by the Choquet integral with a linear core. 10.5. Advanced consideration on the nonlinear classification involving the Choquet integral -- ch. 11. Data mining with fuzzy data. 11.1. Defuzzified Choquet Integral with Fuzzy-Valued Integrand (DCIFI). 11.2. Classification model based on the DCIFI. 11.3. Fuzzified Choquet Integral with Fuzzy-Valued Integrand (FCIFI). 11.4. Regression model based on the CIII

Optimization techniques have been widely adopted to implement various data mining algorithms. In addition to well-known Support Vector Machines (SVMs) (which are based on quadratic programming), different versions of Multiple Criteria Programming (MCP) have been extensively used in data separations. Since optimization based data mining methods differ from statistics, decision tree induction, and neural networks, their theoretical inspiration has attracted many researchers who are interested in algorithm development of data mining. Optimization based Data Mining: Theory and Applications, mainly focuses on MCP and SVM especially their recent theoretical progress and real-life applications in various fields. These include finance, web services, bio-informatics and petroleum engineering, which has triggered the interest of practitioners who look for new methods to improve the results of data mining for knowledge discovery. Most of the material in this book is directly from the research and application activities that the authors’ research group has conducted over the last ten years. Aimed at practitioners and graduates who have a fundamental knowledge in data mining, it demonstrates the basic concepts and foundations on how to use optimization techniques to deal with data mining problems.

ICDM / MLDM Medaillie (limited edition) Meissner Porcellan, the “White Gold” of King August the Strongest of Saxonia ICDM 2008 was the eighth event of the Industrial Conference on Data Mining held in Leipzig (www.data-mining-forum.de). For this edition the Program Committee received 116 submissions from 20 countries. After the peer-review process, we accepted 36 high-quality papers for oral presentation, which are included in these proceedings. The topics range from aspects of classification and prediction, clustering, Web mining, data mining in medicine, applications of data mining, time series and frequent pattern mining, and association rule mining. Thirteen papers were selected for poster presentations that are published in the ICDM Poster Proceeding Volume. In conjunction with ICDM there were three workshops focusing on special hot application-oriented topics in data mining. The workshop Data Mining in Life Science DMLS 2008 was held the third time this year and the workshop Data Mining in Marketing DMM 2008 ran for the second time this year. Additionally, we introduced an International Workshop on Case-Based Reasoning for Multimedia Data CBR-MD.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference, MLDM 2012, held in Berlin, Germany in July 2012. The 51 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 212 submissions. The topics range from theoretical topics for classification, clustering, association rule and pattern mining to specific data mining methods for the different multimedia data types such as image mining, text mining, video mining and web mining.

The 2012 International Conference on Emerging Computation and Information teChnologies for Education (ECICE 2012) was held on Jan. 15-16, 2012, Hangzhou, China. The main results of the conference are presented in this proceedings book of carefully reviewed and accepted paper addressing the hottest issues in emerging computation and information technologies used for education. The volume covers a wide series of topics in the area, including Computer-Assisted Education, Educational Information Systems, Web-based Learning, etc.

This book shows that the term “interpretability” goes far beyond the concept of readability of a fuzzy set and fuzzy rules. It focuses on novel and precise operators of aggregation, inference, and defuzzification leading to flexible Mamdani-type and logical-type systems that can achieve the required accuracy using a less complex rule base. The individual chapters describe various aspects of interpretability, including appropriate selection of the structure of a fuzzy system, focusing on improving the interpretability of fuzzy systems designed using both gradient-learning and evolutionary algorithms. It also demonstrates how to eliminate various system components, such as inputs, rules and fuzzy sets, whose reduction does not adversely affect system accuracy. It illustrates the performance of the developed algorithms and methods with commonly used benchmarks. The book provides valuable tools for possible applications in many fields including expert systems, automatic control and robotics.

This book presents a contemporary view of the role of information quality in information fusion and decision making, and provides a formal foundation and the implementation strategies required for dealing with insufficient information quality in building fusion systems for decision making. Information fusion is the process of gathering, processing, and combining large amounts of information from multiple and diverse sources, including physical sensors to human intelligence reports and social media. That data and information may be unreliable, of low fidelity, insufficient resolution, contradictory, fake and/or redundant. Sources may provide unverified reports obtained from other sources resulting in correlations and biases. The success of the fusion processing depends on how well knowledge produced by the processing chain represents reality, which in turn depends on how adequate data are, how good and adequate are the models used, and how accurate, appropriate or applicable prior and contextual knowledge is. By offering contributions by leading experts, this book provides an unparalleled understanding of the problem of information quality in information fusion and decision-making for researchers and professionals in the field.

The book is a collection of contributions by leading experts, developed around traditional themes discussed at the annual Linz Seminars on Fuzzy Set Theory. The different chapters have been written by former PhD students, colleagues, co-authors and friends of Peter Klement, a leading researcher and the organizer of the Linz Seminars on Fuzzy Set Theory. The book also includes advanced findings on topics inspired by Klement’s research activities, concerning copulas, measures and integrals, as well as aggregation problems. Some of the chapters reflect personal views and controversial aspects of traditional topics, while others deal with deep mathematical theories, such as the algebraic and logical foundations of fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic. Originally thought as an homage to Peter Klement, the book also represents an advanced reference guide to the mathematical theories related to fuzzy logic and fuzzy set theory with the potential to stimulate important discussions on new research directions in the field.

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This book provides readers with modern computational techniques for solving variety of problems from electrical, mechanical, civil and chemical engineering. Mathematical methods are presented in a unified manner, so they can be applied consistently to problems in applied electromagnetics, strength of materials, fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer, environmental engineering, biomedical engineering, signal processing, automatic control and more.