This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common urological diseases with a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. It is currently ranked as the 10th most common malignancy worldwide. The majority of bladder cancer patients have been found to be diagnosed with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and the remaining, are diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Although there have been advances in the treatment and therapies provided for bladder cancer patients, the survival rate remains low, primarily due to recurrence and metastasis of the disease following treatment. Surgical treatment is currently the most common form including radical cystectomy which is the standard form of treatment combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, the 5-year overall survival rate is 50%. Therefore, further studies are required to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of bladder cancer and identify novel biomarkers to act as a diagnostic tool for patients. There have been many studies involving the detection of biomarkers in bladder cancer in addition to monitoring disease recurrence to understand the impact and predict potential outcomes. A variety of urine biomarkers have been developed to detect bladder cancer and prognostic risk stratification including mutational DNA and the levels of RNA expression. Circulating tumor cells have also been identified as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer patients. However, there are significant challenges as bladder cancer has demonstrated high levels of cellular and molecular heterogeneity and some markers do not have sufficient sensitivity for accurate detection. Therefore, further studies are required to continue to identify new novel biomarkers for bladder cancer. The aim of this Research Topic is to discuss novel biomarkers in bladder cancer and how it impacts the disease progression and the survival rate for bladder cancer patients.

Gastric cancer (GC) represents a serious health problem on a global scale. Despite some recent advances in the field, the prognosis in GC remains poor. A better understanding of molecular biology, which would lead to improved treatment options, is needed. Many potential biomarkers of prognostic significance have been identified. However, inhibition of only HER2 protein has led to a modest survival benefit. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and biological features of gastric cancer, including the identification and characterization of diagnostic, prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic biomarkers, hopefully will provide improved clinical outcomes. This Research Topic aims to provide a comprehensive overview on recent progress in emerging molecular biomarkers for gastric cancer. We welcome the submission of Review and Original Research articles covering, but not limited to, the following topics: 1)Novel diagnostic molecules to improve the early detection rate for gastric cancer 2)Novel prognostic molecules to stratify gastric cancer patients into different risk 3)Novel therapeutic biomarker which could serve as target for treating gastric cancer 4)Novel biomarker to predict chemotherapy response of gastric cancer patients

This book describes both the technologies used in the discovery of melanoma biomarkers and the clinical application of these biomarkers for diagnosis and staging of disease, determination of prognosis, treatment planning, monitoring of response to therapy, identification of novel therapeutic targets and drug development. A broad range of biomarkers (DNA/chromosomal, mRNA, microRNA, mitochondrial DNA, epigenetic and protein) is outlined. As therapies for melanoma become increasingly more target specific, the identification, validation and use of biomarkers will invariably play a greater role in the management of patients with this disease. Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Melanoma is an essential resource for oncologists, dermatologists, dermatopathologists, general pathologists with an interest in melanoma, and melanoma researchers.

Thoroughly updated to reflect major advances in the field of immuno-oncology, this second edition of Cancer Immunotherapy Principles and Practice, from the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), remains the definitive resource for information on tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy treatments. An essential reference for both novice and experienced cancer researchers, oncologists, and related practitioners alike, the book not only guides readers through the fundamental scientific principles of the field all the way to translational and practical clinical applications for treating and managing oncologic disease, but also provides a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory processes that support the safe and effective delivery of immunotherapy to patients with cancer. The expanded and updated second edition now spans 68 chapters, including 12 new chapters, covering major topics and innovations that have shaped the rapid development of immunotherapy and its ascension into the standard of care as first-line treatment for a growing number of disease settings. New to this edition are chapters with deeper insight into our understanding of cancer genomics and determinants of response, immunogenic cell death, cancer and stromal cell-intrinsic pathways of immune resistance, cancer immune exclusion, adoptive cell therapy, metabolomics, tumor mutation burden, immunotherapy in combination with radiation therapy, synthetic biology, and more. Complete with detailed illustrations, tables, and key points for targeted reference, Cancer Immunotherapy Principles and Practice, Second Edition is the most comprehensive and authoritative resource for scientists and clinicians looking to expand their knowledge base of this dynamic field. Key Features: Offers key insights and perspectives on cancer immunology and immunotherapy treatments from renowned experts in the field Covers the basic principles and science behind cancer immunotherapy and tumor immunology Includes treatment strategies for a vast array of available immunotherapy classes and agents, such as cytokine therapies, oncolytic viruses, cancer vaccines, CAR T therapies, and combination immunotherapies Provides essential information on FDA-approved immunotherapies, including clinical management and outcome data related to response rates, risks, and toxicities Discusses special considerations for immunotherapy in the context of specific disease settings, including skin cancers, genitourinary cancers, gastrointestinal cancers, hepatocellular carcinomas, gynecologic malignancies, breast cancers, lung cancers, head and neck cancers, brain tumors, sarcomas, pediatric cancers, and treatments combined with radiation therapy Clarifies the complex regulatory aspects behind the development and approval of immunotherapy drugs

Publisher’s note: In this 2nd edition, the following article has been updated: Xun Y, Tang Y, Hu L, Xiao H, Long S, Gong M, Wei C, Wei K and Xiang S (2019) Purification and Identification of miRNA Target Sites in Genome Using DNA Affinity Precipitation. Front. Genet. 10:778. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00778

In the second edition of their critically acclaimed book, Ronald Bukowski, Robert Motzer, and Robert Figlin have thoroughly updated and expanded their survey of clinical, biological and pathological management of localized and advanced renal cell carcinoma. A panel of internationally renowned contributors explores the latest developments in molecular genetics, focusing on the novel targets that have been discovered in epithelial renal tumors. The discussion includes the specific biology of selected target molecules or receptors and the various agents that inhibit these targets, including full chapters devoted to drugs that selectively inhibit receptor tyrosine kinases, such as sunitinib and axitinib. Further attention is paid to leading-edge strategies that target and inhibit tumor associated angiogenesis and block the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway. Comprehensive and authoritative, Renal Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Targets and Clinical Applications, Second Edition is the definitive text on the rapidly evolving landscape of experimental therapeutics, written and edited by the pioneers of the field.

Since the last edition of this book, major advances have been made in our understanding of key pathways that control tumor progression. This has led to the development of new anticancer agents that have the ability to block the activity of proteins involved in neoplastic cell development and proliferation. Targeted Therapies in Oncology, Second Edition provides a concise timely panorama of existing targeted therapies and progress into future anticancer treatments. These therapies notably include: Targeted agents of immune checkpoints Signal-transduction inhibitors Antiangiogenic agents Vascular-disrupting agents Apoptosis modulators Stem cell inhibitors Tumor profiling for drug development The book emphasizes the biology behind this new class of drugs as well as the clinical achievements obtained. The contributors to this volume stand at the cutting edge of cancer research and treatment around the world.