Innovation and technological change follow markedly different pathways depending on the sector in which they take place. Contributions from eighteen experts in their fields consider the framework of sectoral systems of innovation to analyze the innovation process, factors affecting innovation, the relationship between innovation and industry dynamics, changing boundaries and transformation of sectors, and the determinants of the innovation performance of firms and countries in different sectors.

Over the past four decades the Arab nations have exercised an enormous political and economic influence on world events. Much of that impact has been exerted not through the direct actions of individual governments but collectively or indirectly through pan-Arab organizations, economic associations such as OPEC, or through international agencies including the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund. "Arab Regional Organizations "is a fully annotated bibliographic guide to the functions, infrastructures, and effectiveness of Arab organizational activity. The organizations covered in this volume have grown in importance in lockstep with developments in the Middle East. This is particularly so in the areas of economics and energy where there has been the establishment of national control over the oil industry and a consequent economic boom. Institutions such as the Gulf Cooperation Council have also become vital to the continued politcal stability of the member states and to the strategic importance of the region as illustrated by the Iran-Iraq war and the Persian Gulf War. The book also takes note of the special economic importance of organizations such as the Kuwait, Saudi, and Abu Dhabi Funds. These perform a major role among developing nations because of their project aid and technical assistance programs. "Arab Regional Organizations "covers a variety of subjects but concentrates on economics, energy, politics, and development subjects. A lengthy introductory section is designed to provide readers with the background of each organization and to direct them to other sources of information. A supplementary section deals with the effects of the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and the Gulf War. Researchers, librarians, economists, political scientists, and Middle East specialists will find this volume an invaluable guide to the literature of the region.

A RUSA 2007 Outstanding Reference Title The Encyclopedia of the Developing World is a comprehensive work on the historical and current status of developing countries. Containing more than 750 entries, the Encyclopedia encompasses primarily the years since 1945 and defines development broadly, addressing not only economics but also civil society and social progress. Entries cover the most important theories and measurements of development; relate historical events, movements, and concepts to development both internationally and regionally where applicable; examine the contributions of the most important persons and organizations; and detail the progress made within geographic regions and by individual countries.

Saudi Arabia (1986) is a major study of the political and administrative development of Saudi Arabia following its establishment as a leading world exporter of oil. It looks at the status of oil in the development of the state, as well as the political systems of government in the Kingdom.

Energy a Global Outlook: The Case for Effective International Co-Operation discusses the historical, current, and future issues related to the international oil industry and the global energy situation. The book is organized into three parts. Part I provides an economic and political evaluation, including topics such as the historical evolution of the international oil industry; global energy supply and demand balance; and impact of structural changes on the international energy industries. Part II analyses both historical and regional energy scenario, and Part III presents the statistical data. Readers concerned with the status of the global energy resource will find this book a great source of information regarding the matter.

Originally published in 1984 this book focuses principally on the use of foreign aid by the members of OPEC in the 1970s and demonstrates how the divisive elements both within OPEC and between OPEC and the rest of the developing world prevented OPEC from using aid to advance developing world objectives. It explains why the OPEC countries filed to achieve the goals they set for themselves and will be of interest to all those concerned with the politics of the developing world, development assistance, Middle East regional economics and political and security issues.

Who's Who in the Arab World 2007-2008 compiles information on the most notable individuals in the Arab world. Additionally, the title provides insight into the historical background and the present of this influential and often volatile region. Part I sets out precise biographical details on some 6,000 eminent individuals who influence every sphere of public life in politics, culture and society. Part II surveys the 19 Arab Countries, providing detailed information on the geography, history, constitution, economy and culture of the individual countries. Part III provides information on the historical background of the Arab world. Indexes by country and profession supplement the biographical section. A select bibliography of secondary literature on the Middle East is also included.