OECD's 1969 Economic Survey of Japan examines the continued boom and external surplus and recent economic trends and prospects before drawing a series of policy conclusions.

OECD's 1970 Economic Survey of Japan examines recent economic performance and the 1967-1971 Plan, short-term prospects and current policies, and the Economic and Social Development Plan 1970-1975.

OECD's 1971 Economic Survey of Japan examines the present slowdown, recent and medium-term price developments, expansionary policies and short-term prospects, the balance of payments and policy issues before drawing a series of conclusions.

OECD's 1972 Economic Survey of Japan examines recent economic trends, economic policy, short-term domestic prospects, the balance of payments and some medium-term issues including the need for a resource shift before drawing conclusions.

OECD's 1974 Economic Survey of Japan examines the problem of inflation, economic policy, the balance of payments and prospects and policy issues before drawing a series of conclusions.

OECD's 1977 Economic Survey of Japan examines the recent state of the economy, investment behaviour in the current recovery, the balance of payments, demand management policy and short-term prospects before coming to a series of policy conclusions.

OECD's 1975 Economic Survey of Japan examines striking features of the current recession, the stance of economic policy, some medium-term problems and prospects and policy issues.

OECD's 1973 Economic Survey of Japan examines the business upswing and the price rise; the balance of payments; economic policy and prospects; and the basic economic and social plan for 1973-1977 before drawing a series of conclusions.

OECD's 1976 Economic Survey of Japan examines the main features of the current upswing, economic policies, some medium-term considerations concerning the public sector, and short-term prospects and policy issues.

Japan has navigated the dual shock of the pandemic and the energy crisis well. However, significant headwinds from weak global growth, geopolitical tensions and high inflation highlight the importance of enhancing the Japanese economy’s resilience to shocks. In a context of inflation, which has risen above target, and pressures from divergent monetary policy from peers, adjustments to monetary policy settings have commenced. Given high public debt, fiscal consolidation to rebuild fiscal buffers, underpinned by a credible medium-term fiscal framework to put the debt-to-GDP ratio on a clear downward path, is key. Longer-term sustainability also requires reducing greenhouse gas emissions in line with government targets, calling for green investment, innovation and carbon pricing. Reforms to improve the innovation framework and incentives for start-ups are key to boost productivity and address ageing pressures. Removing obstacles to the employment of women and older persons and making greater use of foreign workers are also essential to counter demographic headwinds. Strengthening the financial position of young people and policies to support families and children, such as improved parental leave, would help to reverse the downward trend in the fertility rate. SPECIAL FEATURE: ADDRESSING DEMOGRAPHIC HEADWINDS