Art and Cultural Heritage is appropriately, but not solely, about national and international law respecting cultural heritage. It is a bubbling cauldron of law mixed with ethics, philosophy, politics and working principles looking at how cultural heritage law, policy and practice should be sculpted from the past as the present becomes the future. Art and cultural heritage are two pillars on which a society builds its identity, its values, its sense of community and the individual. The authors explore these demanding concerns, untangle basic values, and look critically at the conflicts and contradictions in existing art and cultural heritage law and policy in its diverse sectors. The rich and provocative contributions collectively provide a reasoned discussion of the issues from a multiplicity of views to permit the reader to understand the theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of the cultural heritage debate.

This book explores the relationship between oil pollution laws and environmental justice by comparing and contrasting the United States and Nigeria. Critically, this book not only examines the fluidity of oil pollutions laws but also how effective or ineffective enforcement can be when viewed through the lens of environmental justice. Using Nigeria as a case study and drawing upon examples from the United States, it examines the legal and institutional challenges impacting upon the effective enforcement of laws and provides a contrasting view of developed and developing countries. Focusing on the oil and gas industry, the book discusses the laws and international acceptable standards (IAS) in these industries, the principles behind their application, the existing barriers to their effective implementation, and how to overcome those barriers. Utilising an environmental justice framework, the book demonstrates the synergy between policy-making, human rights, and justice in oil-producing regions as well as addressing the importance of protecting the rights of minorities. Through a comparative analysis of the United States and Nigeria, this book draws out enforcement approaches and mechanisms for tackling oil-related pollution with a view to reducing environmental injustice in developing countries. Examining the role of NGOs in pursuing environmental justice matters, the book showed the regional courts as one avenue of overcoming the enforcement challenges faced by the developing countries. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of environmental law, environmental justice, minorities' rights, business and human rights, energy law, and natural resource governance.

This document provides the comprehensive list of Chinese National Standards and Industry Standards (Total 17,000 standards).

The emergence of unconventional oil and gas extraction, known as the "shale revolution", since 2008 has fundamentally reshaped the global energy sector. This revolution, driven by technological advancements in hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, has unlocked vast reserves of oil and gas previously deemed inaccessible. Despite challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic, fluctuating oil prices, and growing environmental concerns, unconventional resources continue to play a pivotal role in shaping energy policies worldwide. This book delves deeply into the transformative impact of unconventional resources on international energy markets and policies, providing a comprehensive analysis of their significance. Written by over 20 experts in oil and gas law, the book offers a rich, multidisciplinary perspective. It covers topics that are "horizontal" and cut across various jurisdictions, providing a comparative approach that spans 11 different countries, including the USA, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, the UK, Algeria, Libya, China, and Germany. This extensive analysis ensures a broad understanding of the global landscape of unconventional resources. Main themes include: · Global Impact: Unconventional resources have not only transformed the United States into a leading oil and gas producer but have also significantly influenced energy strategies worldwide. Countries across North America, South America, Europe, and Asia have adopted various strategies to harness these resources, reshaping the global energy market. · Policy Considerations: Key policy issues addressed in the book include the environmental and social impacts of unconventional resource extraction. Topics such as water management, the coexistence of drilling operations with other land uses, and the social implications of resource extraction are thoroughly examined. · Legal Framework: The book explores the complex legal landscape governing unconventional operations, delves into stakeholder dynamics, regulatory frameworks, and the intricacies of legal provisions that vary from one jurisdiction to another. · Geographical Analysis: In its second part, the book provides an in-depth analysis of specific country regulations. This section offers comparative insights into the regulatory approaches of eleven countries, highlighting both common challenges and unique strategies. The book concludes by exploring lessons learned and future perspectives within the framework of the energy trilemma—balancing energy security, environmental sustainability, and economic affordability. It emphasizes the transformative impact of unconventional resources on energy independence and security, while also addressing the contentious environmental considerations that accompany such developments. Overall, this book aims to equip readers with a comprehensive understanding of the legal and regulatory landscape surrounding unconventional oil and gas resources. By examining global experiences and diverse regulatory frameworks, it seeks to inform decision-making processes and promote sustainable development in the unconventional energy sector. The book benefits from critical analyses and comparative descriptive reviews of each country's unique approach, making it an invaluable resource for policymakers, industry professionals, and scholars alike.

This book contains in-depth articles written by scholars, international lawyers, and practitioners from around the world. It deals with the environmental aspect of the hydrocarbon cycle in general and oil and gas exploration and production in particular. Its main thrust is management of environmental legal risks and issues in upstream operations.

Groundwater is becoming increasingly scarce while the demand for water continues to grow at a global scale. Understanding groundwater resources and their sustainable management is imperative for the future of groundwater use, conservation and protection. This revised and updated two-volume set, focused on sustainability, covers the economic values of groundwater production and use, including micro- and macroeconomic factors, groundwater markets, economic evaluation tools, climate change, transboundary issues and policy evaluation. It explores numerous applications and describes ways to evaluate the economics of groundwater use in the context of the larger ecosystem and the natural capital it provides. FEATURES OF THIS VOLUME Includes an important new chapter on groundwater sustainability management Addresses new examples of groundwater use that are applicable at both the local and international levels Provides the foundation for policy, program and project analysis for all major uses of groundwater Updates groundwater use data along with explanations of major production costs and use benefits Gives a new perspective on users’ competition for the subsurface environment Production, Use, and Sustainability of Groundwater, Second Edition, the first volume of the two-volume set Groundwater Economics, is a must-have for any professional or student who needs to understand, evaluate and manage water resources from a range of production and use perspectives affecting groundwater resource sustainability.

Shale Oil and Gas Production Processes delivers the basics on current production technologies and the processing and refining of shale oil. Starting with the potential of formations and then proceeding to production and completion, this foundational resource also dives into the chemical and physical nature of the precursor of oil shale, kerogen, to help users understand and optimize its properties in shale. Rounding out with reporting, in situ retorting, refining and environmental aspects, this book gives engineers and managers a strong starting point on how to manage the challenges and processes necessary for the further development of these complex resources. - Helps readers grasp current research on production from shale formations, including properties and composition - Fill in the gaps between research and practical application, including discussions of existing literature - Includes a glossary to help readers fully understand key concepts

This document provides the comprehensive list of Chinese Industry Standards - Category: SY; SY/T; SYT.