The explosive progress of logic, since Frege, has produced applications in linguistics, mathematics and computer science. Students and practitioners of any of these fields, and of philosophy, will find this book an excellent reference or introduction. Now expanded to include non-classical logic, logic for the computer, and more. The central concepts are explained as they come into play in informal writing and conversation--argument, validity, relevance, and so on. This study guide progresses to concepts such as probability calculus.

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Excerpt from Outlines of Logic and Metaphysics In all discourse, or verbal expression of thought, there regularly occur, besides terms representing mere objects or groups or classes of objects, terms which, instead, stand for general notions, originating within rather than from without, predicates and relations under which, for the mind, objects stand or by which they are determined - that is to say, the so-called categories of thought. Such terms are, for example, being, quantity, essence, cause, actuality, end, truth, with their primitives or derivatives. The general notions for which such terms stand are of very great significance and interest, not only as forming the ground of definite connection, in consciousness, among objects, but also as together constituting a world of realities of themselves. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Outlines of Logic and Metaphysics Thought is the activity of the universal, is in its two-fold sense correct. Contemplation, or the think ing consideration of an object, therefore, universalises it, i.e., alters it. Nevertheless, we believe that by contemplation we gain a knowledge of the essence of things - become conscious of fact itself. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.