This book describes the fundamentals of particle detectors as well as their applications. Detector development is an important part of nuclear, particle and astroparticle physics, and through its applications in radiation imaging, it paves the way for advancements in the biomedical and materials sciences. Knowledge in detector physics is one of the required skills of an experimental physicist in these fields. The breadth of knowledge required for detector development comprises many areas of physics and technology, starting from interactions of particles with matter, gas- and solid-state physics, over charge transport and signal development, to elements of microelectronics. The book's aim is to describe the fundamentals of detectors and their different variants and implementations as clearly as possible and as deeply as needed for a thorough understanding. While this comprehensive opus contains all the materials taught in experimental particle physics lectures or modules addressing detector physics at the Master's level, it also goes well beyond these basic requirements. This is an essential text for students who want to deepen their knowledge in this field. It is also a highly useful guide for lecturers and scientists looking for a starting point for detector development work.

Experimental particle physics is a science of many scales. A large number of physical processes spanning energies from meV to TeV must be understood for modern collider experiments to be designed, built, and conducted successfully. This thesis contributes to the understanding of phenomena across this entire dynamic range. The first half of this document studies aspects of low-energy physics that govern the operation of particle detectors, limit their performance, and guide the development of novel instrumentation. To formalise these aspects, classical electrodynamics is used to derive a general description of the formation of electrical signals in detectors, and ideas from quantum mechanics are applied to the study of charge avalanche amplification in semiconductors. These results lead to a comprehensive analytical characterisation of the time resolution and the efficiency of single-photon avalanche diodes, and isolate the most important design variables. They also reveal the applicability of these devices in precision timing detectors for charged particles, which is experimentally verified in a high-energy hadron beam. Large detector systems at hadron colliders probe fundamental physics at the energy frontier. In the second half, data collected with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider are used to measure the cross-section for the production of a Higgs boson together with an electroweak boson as a function of the kinematic scale of the process. This measurement provides the finest granularity available to date for this process. It is highly informative of the structure of interactions beyond the direct kinematic reach of the experiment, and new limits are set on the couplings of such interactions within an effective field theory.

This report covers the fundamental techniques for handling plastic detectors. It also covers the method for analyzing the events recorded in the detectors. As in the previous report on the nuclear emulsion technique, K. Fukui (1972), the information is limited to the practical techniques that the laboratory technicians should know. Included are descriptions on various kinds of plastic materials, preparation for the exposure, irradiation method, scanning, and analysis of the events.

The exploration of the subnuclear world is done through increasingly complex experiments covering a wide range of energies and in a large variety of environments ? from particle accelerators, underground detectors to satellites and space laboratories. For these research programs to succeed, novel techniques, new materials and new instrumentation need to be used in detectors, often on a large scale. Hence, particle physics is at the forefront of technological advancement and leads to numerous applications. Among these, medical applications have a particular importance due to the health and social benefits they bring. This volume reviews the advances made in all technological aspects of current experiments in the field.

Much instrumentation has been developed for imaging the trajectories of elementary particles produced in high energy collisions. Since 1968, gaseous detectors, beginning with multiwire chambers and drift chambers, have been used for the visualisation of particle trajectories and the imaging of X-rays, neutrons, hard gamma rays, beta rays and ultraviolet photons.This book commemorates the groundbreaking research leading to the evolution of such detectors carried out at CERN by Georges Charpak, Nobel Prizewinner for Physics in 1992. Besides collecting his key papers, the book also includes original linking commentary which sets his work in the context of other worldwide research.

This book provides a summary of the state of science in teh field of single particle detection and measurement. The text delineates between those low performance detectors, capable of registering only a large number of particles and those complex, highly designed systems capable of detecting and measuring single interactions or events. The author describes the problems associated with detection, measurement and subsequent interpretation of such quantum processes. He also evolves the subject from its roots in nuclear and particle physics into latter day applications such as probes for investigation of materials and objects. The different nature and use of high-energy particles compared with photons is highlighted.

This BriefBook is a much extended glossary or a much condensed handbook, depending on the way one looks at it. It deals with detectors in particle and nuclear physics experiments. The authors describe, in encyclopedic format, the physics, the application, and the analysis of data from these detectors. Ample reference is made to the published literature. An introduction for newcomers, a reference for scientists.

In the post era of the Z and W discovery, after the observation of Jets at UA1 and UA2 at CERN, John Ellis visioned at a HEP conference at Lake Tahoe, California in 1983 “To proceed with high energy particle physics, one has to tag the avour of the quarks!” This statement re ects the need for a highly precise tracking device, being able to resolve secondary and tertiary vertices within high-particle densities. Since the d- tance between the primary interaction point and the secondary vertex is proportional tothelifetimeoftheparticipatingparticle,itisanexcellentquantitytoidentifypar- cle avour in a very fast and precise way. In colliding beam experiments this method was applied especially to tag the presence of b quarks within particle jets. It was rst introduced in the DELPHI experiment at LEP but soon followed by all collider - periments to date. The long expected t quark discovery was possible mainly with the help of the CDF silicon vertex tracker, providing the b quark information. In the beginning of the 21st century the new LHC experiments are beginning to take 2 shape. CMS with its 206m of silicon area is perfectly suited to cope with the high luminosity environment. Even larger detectors are envisioned for the far future, like the SiLC project for the International Linear Collider. Silicon sensors matured from small 1in. single-sided devices to large 6in. double-sided, double metal detectors and to 6in. single-sided radiation hard sensors.

An accessible and carefully structured introduction to Particle Physics, including important coverage of the Higgs Boson and recent progress in neutrino physics. Fourth edition of this successful title in the Manchester Physics series Includes information on recent key discoveries including: An account of the discovery of exotic hadrons, byond the simple quark model; Expanded treatments of neutrino physics and CP violation in B-decays; An updated account of ‘physics beyond the standard model’, including the interaction of particle physics with cosmology Additional problems in all chapters, with solutions to selected problems available on the book’s website Advanced material appears in optional starred sections

Helping readers understand the complicated laws of nature, Advanced Particle Physics Volume I: Particles, Fields, and Quantum Electrodynamics explains the calculations, experimental procedures, and measuring methods of particle physics. It also describes modern physics devices, including accelerators, elementary particle detectors, and neutrino tel