Asserts that the CIA turned the National Student Association into an intelligence asset during the Cold War, with students used—often wittingly and sometimes unwittingly—as undercover agents inside America and abroad.

A NEW STATESMAN AND SPECTATOR BOOK OF THE YEAR SHORTLISTED FOR THE ORWELL PRIZE FOR POLITICAL WRITING LONGLISTED FOR THE BAILLIE GIFFORD PRIZE A searing portrait of Britain's hostile environment by the journalist behind the Windrush exposé. 'A timely reminder of what truly great journalists can achieve.' DAVID OLUSOGA '[Gentleman's] reporting proves why an independent press is so vital.' RENI EDDO-LODGE 'A book that keeps you informed and makes you angry.' GARY YOUNGE 'It is impossible to overstate the importance of this heartbreaking book.' JAMES O'BRIEN How do you pack for a one-way journey back to a country you left when you were eleven and have not visited for fifty years? Amelia Gentleman's exposé of the Windrush scandal - where thousands of British citizens were wrongly classified as illegal immigrants with life-shattering consequences - shocked the nation and led to the resignation of Amber Rudd as Home Secretary. Here, Gentleman tells the full story for the first time. 'Essential . . . a damning indictment.' SIR LENNY HENRY 'Gentleman boldly chronicles the devastating reality of a scandal that illegalised, imbruted and abandoned British citizens.' DAVID LAMMY MP 'I'm thankful for the truth and hope [. . .] in Amelia Gentleman's The Windrush Betrayal.' ALI SMITH 'A devastating account.' CLAIRE TOMALIN

This collection explores the multifarious manifestations of gender intrinsic to national ideologies, the use of gender in the construction and development of nation states, and the role of political, literary, and cinematographic discourses in cultural debates that define national and international borders in post-colonial societies. The selected essays focus primarily on Europe and Latin America and consider the implications of colonialism, dictatorship, and the transition to democracy on national identities as well as the deliberate use of gendered language and images in the development of discourses of hegemony, frequently used to underpin support for individual political regimes, or as a call to arms to defend national patrimony. (Series: Cultural Studies / Kulturwissenschaft / Estudios Culturales / Etudes Culturelles, Vol. 55) [Subject: Gender Studies, Politics, Sociology, Cultural Studies]

In Between War and the State, Van Nguyen-Marshall examines an array of voluntary activities, including mutual-help, professional, charitable, community development, student, women's, and rights organizations active in South Vietnam from 1954 to 1975. By bringing focus to the public lives of South Vietnamese people, Between War and the State challenges persistent stereotypes of South Vietnam as a place without society or agency. Such robust associational life underscores how an active civil society survived despite difficulties imposed by the war, government restrictions, economic hardship, and external political forces. These competing political forces, which included the United States, Western aid agencies, and Vietnamese communist agents, created a highly competitive arena wherein the South Vietnamese state did not have a monopoly on persuasive or coercive power. To maintain its influence, the state sometimes needed to accommodate groups and limit its use of violence. Civil society participants in South Vietnam leveraged their social connections, made alliances, appealed to the domestic and international public, and used street protests to voice their concerns, secure their interests, and carry out their activities.

Passing and the Rise of the African American Novel restores to its rightful place a body of American literature that has long been overlooked, dismissed, or misjudged. This insightful reconsideration of nineteenth-century African-American fiction uncovers the literary artistry and ideological complexity of a body of work that laid the foundation for the Harlem Renaissance and changed the course of American letters. Focusing on the trope of passing -- black characters lightskinned enough to pass for white -- M. Giulia Fabi shows how early African-American authors such as William Wells Brown, Frank J. Webb, Charles W. Chesnutt, Sutton E. Griggs, James Weldon Johnson, Frances E. W. Harper, and Edward A. Johnson transformed traditional representations of blackness and moved beyond the tragic mulatto motif. Celebrating a distinctive, African-American history, culture, and worldview, these authors used passing to challenge the myths of racial purity and the color line. Fabi examines how early black writers adapted existing literary forms, including the sentimental romance, the domestic novel, and the utopian novel, to express their convictions and concerns about slavery, segregation, and racism. She also gives a historical overview of the canon-making enterprises of African-American critics from the 1850s to the 1990s and considers how their concerns about crafting a particular image for African-American literature affected their perceptions of nineteenth-century black fiction.

Freedom From Alien Subjugation On 15Th August 1947, Was The Monumental And Immemorable Triumph Of The Consolidated, Consistent, Heroic And Patriotic Endeavours Of The Teeming Millions Of Indians Without Any Ethnic Discrimination. It Is, Neither The Monopoly Nor The Prerogative, Of Any Particular Political Party Or Any Individual To Sustain And Cherish It, Because We Have Pledged It To Be A Collective National Duty. It S Dereliction Is Treachery. In The Constitution Of India Adopted By The People On 26Th January 1950, This Pledge Is Ordained Under Article 51 A, Which Inter Alia Mandates Cherish And Follow The Noble Ideals Which Inspired National Struggle For Freedom; To Uphold And Protect Its Integrity; To Promote Harmony And Spirit Of Common Brotherhood Amongst All Indians; Transcend¬Ing Religious, Linguistic, Regional, Sectional Diversities, To Value And Preserve Rich Heritage Of The Composite Culture And To Strive Towards Excellence In All Spheres Of Individual And Collective Activity So That The Nation, Con¬Stantly, Rises To Higher Levels Of Endeavour And Achievement . And This Pledge Has Been Grossly Betrayed.After 50 Years Of Independence When We Are Busy In Celebrating Its Golden Jubilee, Simultaneously, It Is Time For Honest, Sincere And Conscious Introspection Whether The Country And Its Citizens Acquired And Sustained All-Round Progress; Whether There Is Economic Stability; Deprivation From Unemployment, Poverty, Hunger, Ill-Literacy, Insurgency And Terrorism. Whether There Is Throughout Peace And Tranquillity, Control On Crimes And Criminals And Justice Through The Rule Of Law . Contrarily, People Witness Pervading Anarchy And Chaos. In Phases, Joy Turned Into Gloom, Sorrow, Grief, Despair And Finally Distress Leaving The Ill-Fated Countrymen To Scour Out The Positive Answer Whether They Betrayed The Mother Land, Or The Political Parties And Their Leaders, Who Administered For Five Decades, Betrayed Them And The Country. In This Book, Betrayal Of Indian Democracy, The Saga Of Perfidy Has Been High-Lighted In Truthful, Forthright And Incisive Manner Along With The Molecular Analysis Of The Factors, Contributing To The Prevalent Socio-Economic And Political Debacle; Which Cumulatively Threaten National Catastrophe .

Ernest Mandel's book is a study of Eurocommunism unlike any other. Written in the polemical tradition of Trotsky, its sweep extends well beyond the immediate prospects of the Communist Parties of Western Europe. Mandel traces the long historical process which has transformed the once embattled detachments of the Third International into the constitutionalist formations of "historic compromise" and "union of the people" today. He then goes on to argue that the national roads to socialism of contemporary Eurocommunism are the "bitter fruits of socialism in one country" in the USSR. Mandel's book contains trenchant and documented criticisms of the ideas of Santiago Carrillo in Spain, the economic policies of the PCI in Italy, and the PCF's theories of the State in France. But it also sets these Western developments in the context of European politics as a whole-discussing the Russian response to Carrillo, the organizational attitudes of the CPSU to the Western parties, and the emergence of major dissident currents in Eastern Germany sympathetic to Eurocommunism. From Stalinism to Eurocommunism represents the first systematic and comprehensive critique from the Marxist Left of the new strategy of Western Communism. It can be read as a barometer of the storms ahead in the European labour movement.

A Question of Standing deals with recognizable events that have shaped the history of the first 75 years of the CIA. Unsparing in its accounts of dirty tricks and their consequences, it values the agency's intelligence and analysis work to offer balanced judgements that avoid both celebration and condemnation of the CIA. The mission of the CIA, derived from U-1 in World War I more than from World War II's OSS, has always been intelligence. Seventy-five years ago, in the year of its creation, the National Security Act gave the agency, uniquely in world history up to that point, a democratic mandate to pursue that mission of intelligence. It gave the CIA a special standing in the conduct of US foreign relations. That standing diminished when successive American presidents ordered the CIA to exceed its original mission. When they tasked the agency secretly to overthrow democratic governments, the United States lost its international standing, and its command of a majority in the United Nations General Assembly. Such dubious operations, even the government's embrace of assassination and torture, did not diminish the standing of the CIA in US public opinion. However, domestic interventions did. CIA spying on domestic protesters led to tighter congressional oversight from the 1970s on. The chapters in A Question of Standing offer a balanced narrative and perspective on recognizable episodes in the CIA's history. They include the Bay of Pigs invasion, the War on Terror, 9/11, the weapons of mass destruction deception, the Iran estimate of 2007, the assassination of Osama bin Laden, and Fake News. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 diminished the CIA and is construed as having been the right solution undertaken for the wrong reasons, reasons that grew out of political opportunism. The book also defends the CIA's exposure of foreign meddling in US elections.

This book examines human conflict throughout history, the reasons behind the struggles, and why it persists. The volume delves into the causes of human conflict and what can be done about them. Based on detailed descriptions that support insightful interpretations, the book explores significant historical events in the course of human history. By pursuing a “web of violence” approach, it raises and answers questions about the sources of conflict and how it may or may not be resolved through investigations into human agency and practice. It evaluates lessons learned concerning human conflict, violence, and warfare. To illustrate these lessons, the book presents a broad geographical and temporal set of data, including research on the time of Neanderthals in Europe (20-30 thousand years ago); the Late Neolithic civilization on the Mediterranean (6-8 thousand years ago); medieval Ireland; contemporary history of the Western Dani peoples of West Papua; and, finally, recent issues in Brazil, Congo, and Kenya.