The 6th International Conference on Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics (PED2012) showcased research on human locomotion. This book presents the proceedings of PED2012. Humans have walked for eons; our drive to settle the globe began with a walk out of Africa. However, much remains to discover. As the world moves toward sustainability while racing to assess and accommodate climate change, research must provide insight on the physical requirements of walking, the dynamics of pedestrians on the move and more. We must understand, predict and simulate pedestrian behaviour, to avoid dangerous situations, to plan for emergencies, and not least, to make walking more attractive and enjoyable. PED2012 offered 70 presentations and keynote talks as well as 70 poster presentations covering new and improved mathematical models, describing new insights on pedestrian behaviour in normal and emergency cases and presenting research based on sensors and advanced observation methods. These papers offer a starting point for innovative new research, building a strong foundation for the next conference and for future research.

This practically-focused book presents a computational model for detection and analysis of pedestrian features in crowds from video sequences. The study of human behavior is a subject of great scientific interest and probably an inexhaustible source of research. The analysis of pedestrians and groups in crowds is relevant in several areas of application, such as security, entertainment, environmental and public spaces planning and social sciences. Cultural and personality aspects are attributes that can influence personal behavior and affect the group in which individuals belong. In this sense, we consider different ways of characterizing individuals and groups in crowds with respect to their relationship with the geometrical space and time. We discuss and describe an approach to extract and analyse, from the Computer Science point of view, emotions, personalities and cultural aspects from crowds and groups of pedestrians, using Computer Vision techniques. Extracting characteristics from real pedestrians and crowds, benefits other areas, such as: architecture and design (planning spaces to maximize pedestrian and group-environment fit); security and surveillance (design of evacuation plans considering characteristics of the crowds and detection of abnormal events); entertainment (more realistic crowds in movies and games reproducing characteristics from real pedestrians and crowds); social sciences (understanding of human behavior), among others. A big challenge in this area of research is the comparison with real life data. In this book, we successfully compared the results of the proposed approach with Psychology literature, where several studies aimed to analysis human behavior.

This volume explores the complex problems that arise in the modeling and simulation of crowd dynamics in order to present the state-of-the-art of this emerging field and contribute to future research activities. Experts in various areas apply their unique perspectives to specific aspects of crowd dynamics, covering the topic from multiple angles. These include a demonstration of how virtual reality may solve dilemmas in collecting empirical data; a detailed study on pedestrian movement in smoke-filled environments; a presentation of one-dimensional conservation laws with point constraints on the flux; a collection of new ideas on the modeling of crowd dynamics at the microscopic scale; and others. Applied mathematicians interested in crowd dynamics, pedestrian movement, traffic flow modeling, urban planning, and other topics will find this volume a valuable resource. Additionally, researchers in social psychology, architecture, and engineering may find this information relevant to their work.

Due to an increasing number of reported catastrophes all over the world, the safety especially of pedestrians today, is a dramatically growing field of interest, both for practitioners as well as scientists from various disciplines. The questions arising mainly address the dynamics of evacuating people and possible optimisations of the process by changing the architecture and /or the procedure.

This two-volume set LNCS 9712 and LNCS 9713 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Swarm Intelligence, ICSI 2016, held in Bali, Indonesia, in June 2016. The 130 revised regular papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 231 submissions. The papers are organized in 22 cohesive sections covering major topics of swarm intelligence and related areas such as trend and models of swarm intelligence research; novel swarm-based optimization algorithms; swarming behaviour; some swarm intelligence algorithms and their applications; hybrid search optimization; particle swarm optimization; PSO applications; ant colony optimization; brain storm optimization; fireworks algorithms; multi-objective optimization; large-scale global optimization; biometrics; scheduling and planning; machine learning methods; clustering algorithm; classification; image classification and encryption; data mining; sensor networks and social networks; neural networks; swarm intelligence in management decision making and operations research; robot control; swarm robotics; intelligent energy and communications systems; and intelligent and interactive and tutoring systems.

This book gathers contributions on a variety of flowing collective systems. While primarily focusing on pedestrian dynamics, they also reflect the latest developments in areas such as vehicular traffic and granular flows and address related emerging topics such as self-propelled particles, data transport, swarm behavior, intercellular transport, and collective dynamics of biological systems. Combining fundamental research and practical applications in the various fields discussed, the book offers a valuable asset for researchers and practitioners alike.

This book presents 57 peer-reviewed papers from the 12th Conference on Traffic and Granular Flow (TGF) held in Washington, DC, in July 2017. It offers a unique synthesis of the latest scientific findings made by researchers from different countries, institutions and disciplines. The research fields covered range from physics, computer science and engineering and they may be all grouped under the topic of "Traffic and Granular Flow". The main theme of the Conference was: "From Molecular Interactions to Internet of Things and Smart Cities: The Role of Technology in the Understanding and the Evolution of Particle Dynamics".

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cellular Automata for Research and Industry, ACRI 2012, held in Santorini Island, Greece, in September 2012. The 88 revised papers were carefully selected from numerous submissions. In order to give a perspective in which both theoretical and applicational aspects of cellular automata contribute to the growth of the area, this book mirrors the structure of the conference, grouping the 88 papers into two main parts. The first part collects papers presented as part of the main conference and organized according to six main topics: theoretical results on cellular automata; cellular automata dynamics, control and synchronization; cellular automata and networks; modeling and simulation with cellular automata; cellular automata-based hardware and architectures; codes, pseudorandom number generators and cryptography with cellular automata. The second part of the volume is dedicated to contributions presented during the ACRI 2012 workshops on theoretical advances, specifically asynchronous cellular automata, and challenging application contexts for cellular automata: crowds and CA, traffic and CA, and the satellite Workshop on cellular automata of cancer growth and invasion.

This book gathers contributions on a variety of flowing collective systems. While primarily focusing on pedestrian dynamics, it also reflects the latest developments in areas such as vehicular traffic and granular flows and addresses related emerging topics such as self-propelled particles, data transport, swarm behaviour, intercellular transport, and individual interactions to complex systems. Combining fundamental research and practical applications in the various fields discussed, the book offers a valuable asset for researchers and professionals in areas such as civil and transportation engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, physics, computer science, and mathematics.