The child is neither an adult miniature nor an immature human being: at each age, it expresses specific abilities that optimize adaptation to its environment and development of new acquisitions. Diseases in children cover all specialties encountered in adulthood, and neurology involves a particularly large area, ranging from the brain to the striated muscle, the generation and functioning of which require half the genes of the whole genome and a majority of mitochondrial ones. Human being nervous system is sensitive to prenatal aggression, is particularly immature at birth and development may be affected by a whole range of age-dependent disorders distinct from those that occur in adults. Even diseases more often encountered in adulthood than childhood may have specific expression in the developing nervous system. The course of chronic neurological diseases beginning before adolescence remains distinct from that of adult pathology – not only from the cognitive but also motor perspective, right into adulthood, and a whole area is developing for adult neurologists to care for these children with persisting neurological diseases when they become adults. Just as pediatric neurology evolved as an identified specialty as the volume and complexity of data became too much for the general pediatician or the adult neurologist to master, the discipline has now continued to evolve into so many subspecialties, such as epilepsy, neuromuscular disease, stroke, malformations, neonatal neurology, metabolic diseases, etc., that the general pediatric neurologist no longer can reasonably possess in-depth expertise in all areas, particularly in dealing with complex cases. Subspecialty expertise thus is provided to some trainees through fellowship programmes following a general pediatric neurology residency and many of these fellowships include training in research. Since the infectious context, the genetic background and medical practice vary throughout the world, this diversity needs to be represented in a pediatric neurology textbook. Taken together, and although brain malformations (H. Sarnat & P. Curatolo, 2007) and oncology (W. Grisold & R. Soffietti) are covered in detail in other volumes of the same series and therefore only briefly addressed here, these considerations justify the number of volumes, and the number of authors who contributed from all over the world. Experts in the different subspecialties also contributed to design the general framework and contents of the book. Special emphasis is given to the developmental aspect, and normal development is reminded whenever needed – brain, muscle and the immune system. The course of chronic diseases into adulthood and ethical issues specific to the developing nervous system are also addressed. - A volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, which has an unparalleled reputation as the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology - International list of contributors including the leading workers in the field - Describes the advances which have occurred in clinical neurology and the neurosciences, their impact on the understanding of neurological disorders and on patient care

Pediatric Neurology for the Oral Boards: A Case-Based Review is the first pediatric neurology review book written specifically for neurology residents preparing for the oral boards. The book presents sixty cases with discussions structured according to the neurology oral boards format: localization of neurologic findings; differential diagnosis and most likely diagnosis; diagnostic workup; and patient management. The cases will help readers lay a foundation of knowledge in pediatric neurology and develop an organized approach to clinical decision-making. An introduction explains in detail what to expect on the examination and gives helpful hints on preparing for and taking the exam.

The practice of pediatric neurology demands a high level of responsibility at multiple levels. These include listening carefully to people's stories in order to assess each situation, planning and implementing investigations and therapies, individual and family counseling, longitudinal follow-up from fetal life throughout childhood and adolescence, organization of transition to adult care, and societal advocacy. In the 21st century these activities must be carried out in the context of major societal and technological changes which have brought about many new challenges for pediatric neurologists. In this chapter, we address ethical and moral issues that may help guide pediatric neurologists with regard to a number of specific challenges. These include physician–patient relationships that are based on benign paternalism with respect for autonomy and promoting quality of life, practicing evidence-based medicine, and the technological imperative. In addition we discuss the tension between clinical practice and research, relationships between physicians and industry, and the public role of pediatric neurologists to advocate for children with neurological and developmental conditions. We also illustrate some challenges in selected situations such as prenatal counseling (fetal neurology), neonatal encephalopathy, and persistent vegetative state.

Paediatric neurology is a subspecialty dealing with neurological disorders in children. This new edition has been thoroughly updated to present undergraduate and postgraduate students with the latest developments in the field of paediatric neurology. Beginning with an introduction to the development, anatomy and functions of different parts of the nervous system, the following chapters describe numerous neurological disorders that may be encountered in children. This practical guide describes proven diagnostic and management techniques, with special emphasis placed on neurological examination and history taking of children under the age of two years, and newborns. Key points Thoroughly updated new edition presenting latest developments in paediatric neurology Emphasis on neurological examination and history taking of children under two years, and newborns Includes more than 70 easy to understand figures and illustrations Previous edition published in 2005

What do I do now? Pediatric patients with neurological symptoms or problems pose many clinical challenges and even experienced clinicians occasionally arrive at the point where diagnostic, work-up, treatment, or prognostic thinking becomes blocked. From time to time, children are brought into the pediatrician's office with puzzling neurological symptoms--breath holding spells, refusal to walk, infantile spasms, skin lesions, floppy or absent reflexes--that leave their doctors wondering "what do I do now?" Pediatric Neurology serves the need for a quick reference tool to address these perplexing pediatric neurological symptoms and disorders. Dr. Gregory L. Holmes, Department Chair and Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology at Dartmouth Medical School, presents 28 representative cases of both common and rare pediatric neurological problems and diseases including but not limited to: Dopamine Responsive Dystonia, Fragile X Syndrome, Hashimoto's Encephalopathy and Rett Syndrome. The bedside consultation presentation of the cases encourages the reader, whether she or he be a pediatrician, primary care practitioner or medical student, to formulate a differential diagnosis and treatment plan for a wide variety of pediatric neurological problems and diseases.

“This book is highly recommended for those who will engage with pediatric patients as an excellent starting point to learning most clinically relevant management." ---Doody's Review Service, 3 stars Comprehensive and accessible, Pediatric Neurology is the first reference designed for trainees and nonspecialists in search of targeted information on the diagnosis and management of neurologic conditions in children. Providing a broad window on the primary disorders seen in childhood, this book interweaves the expertise of field leaders from top national institutions to concisely distill the foundations of clinical pediatric neurology. Complete with up-to-date disease guidelines and evidence-based treatment recommendations, this book serves as a starting point for physicians and other health professionals who wish to delve into fundamentals of current pediatric neurology practice. Beginning with an overview of the clinical assessment of infants and children, the book features dedicated chapters to all major disorders and conditions likely to be encountered in the pediatric population. Chapters include current information on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and approaches to management for each condition in addition to tables summarizing key takeaways and detailed illustrations. Using plain language and a clear presentation of information throughout, the book is packed with the clinical wisdom needed for tackling such a complex field. With special emphasis on essential patient care concepts, Pediatric Neurology is the trusted resource for residents, general neurologists, pediatricians, medical students, and other practitioners who care for children and adolescents with neurological disease. Key Features: Introduces the foundations of clinical pediatric neurology Multi-purpose resource for point-of-care use, clinical rotations, or board preparation Organized by disease category to enhance accessibility and retrieval of key information Features chapters written by leading educators and clinicians in the field Incorporates up-to-date disease guidelines, latest FDA-approved drugs, and evidence-based treatment recommendations Purchase includes digital access for use on most mobile devices or computers

This issue of Neurologic Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Gary D. Clark and James J. Riviello, will cover key topics in Pediatric Neurology. This issue is one of four selected each year by our series consulting editor, Dr. Randolph W. Evans. Topics discussed in this issue will include: The State of Child Neurology; The Financial Power of Neurology in a Major Children’s Hospital; Neurology in a Pandemic; Education: Training the Next Generation of Child Neurologists and Neurodevelopmental Disability Doctors, Student Education and Recruitment; Genetic Testing and Counseling in Child Neurology; Novel Treatments and Clinical Research in Child Neurology; Epilepsy: Novel Surgical Techniques and Monitoring; Epilepsy: Genetics; Epilepsy: Treatment of Epileptic Syndromes; Neuromodulation for Pediatric Epilepsy; Inflammatory Diseases of the Nervous System; Neurooncology; Neurocritical Care and Brain Monitoring; The Brain and Heart Disease in Children; Neurology of Sleep; and Evidence Based Protocols.

Chapter 1. Approach to Neurological Assessment in Children Chapter 2. Approach to Localization of Neurological Disorders Chapter 3. Approach to Congenital Malformation of Brain Chapter 4. Approach to Abnormal Head: Size and Shape Chapter 5. Approach to Developmental Delay in Children Chapter 6. Approach to Intellectual Disability and Specific Learning Disorder Chapter 7. Approach to Autism Chapter 8. Approach to Inborn Errors of Metabolism in Neonate, Infant, and Children Chapter 9. Approach to Neuronal Migration Disorders Chapter 10. Approach to Acute Febrile Chapter 11. Approach to Acute Encephalitis (Indian Scenario) Chapter 12. Approach to Childhood Neurotuberculosis in Children Chapter 13. Approach to Cerebral Malaria Chapter 14. Approach to Neurocysticercosis in Children Chapter 15. Approach to Fungal Infections of Central Nervous System Chapter 16. Approach to Altered Sensorium Chapter 17. Approach to Acute Stroke Syndrome Chapter 18. Approach to Febrile Seizures and Fever-related Epilepsies Chapter 19. Approach to a Child with Epilepsy Chapter 20. Approach to Self-limited Focal Epilepsies of Childhood Chapter 21. Approach to Intractable Seizures Chapter 22. Approach to Seizures Imitator and Seizure Mimics Chapter 23. Approach to Dizziness and Vertigo in Children Chapter 24. Approach to Neonatal Seizures Chapter 25. Approach to Management of Status Epilepticus Chapter 26. Current Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Epilepsy Chapter 27. Approach to Neurological Emergencies in Children Chapter 28. Approach to Child with Cerebral Palsy Chapter 29. Approach to Early Intervention Therapy in Cerebral Palsy Chapter 30. Approach to Neurodegenerative Disorders Chapter 31. Approach to Demyelinating Disorders of Central Nervous System Chapter 32. Approach to Movement Disorders in Children Chapter 33. Approach to Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome Chapter 34. Approach to a Child with Ataxia Chapter 35. Approach to Neuromuscular Diseases Chapter 36. Approach to Child with Acute Flaccid Paralysis Chapter 37. Approach to Paraplegia Chapter 38. Approach to Floppy Infant Chapter 39. Approach to a Child with Myopathy and Myositis Chapter 40. Approach to Headache in Children Chapter 41. Approach to Neurocutaneous Syndrome Chapter 42. Approach to Nutritional Disorders of Nervous System Chapter 43. Approach to Rabies Chapter 44. Approach to Neurotoxic Snake Envenomation Chapter 45. Fundus Examination in Children Chapter 46. Approach to Cerebrospinal Fluid Interpretation in Children Chapter 47. Approach to Neurophysiological Investigations Chapter 48. Approach to Basics of MRI and CT Scan Drugs Appendix Index

Using a practical, easy-to-reference signs and symptoms approach, Fenichel's Clinical Pediatric Neurology, 9th Edition, provides a solid foundation in the diagnosis and management of primary neurologic disorders of childhood while bringing you fully up to date with developments in the field. It offers step-by-step, authoritative guidance that considers each presenting symptom in terms of differential diagnosis and treatment, reflecting real-life patient evaluation and management. Perfect for board exam preparation, office use, or residency reference, this well-organized, revised edition is an ideal introduction to this complex and fast-changing field. - Defines age at onset, course of illness, clinical features, and treatment options for each neurological disease, all logically organized by neurological signs and symptoms in a highly templated format. - Brings you up to date with every aspect of the field, with integrated content on new medications, new topics such as neurological complications of COVID in children, and a new chapter on behavioral neurology. - Includes comprehensive coverage of genetics in relation to epilepsy, autism, and many neurometabolic disorders, with up-to-date coverage of genetic testing, diagnosis, and pharmacogenomics. - Features weighted differential diagnosis tables and treatment algorithms that help you quickly identify the more common and most treatable neurological disorders, as well as evaluate and manage the most difficult neurodegenerative disorders, including those caused by inborn errors of metabolism. - Provides helpful boxes that synthesize symptoms and foundational points, an increased number of imaging examples throughout, and more than 300 illustrations, tables, and charts that support and clarify the text. - Shares the knowledge and experience of clinical neurologist and epileptologist, Dr. Kaitlin C. James, and Dr. J. Eric Piña-Garza, a longtime associate and protégé of Dr. Gerald Fenichel.

Primary health care providers such as pediatricians and family medicine physicians commonly encounter children with neurologic symptoms such as headache, double vision, facial weakness etc. Most books currently available in the specialty of pediatric neurology are “condition” or “disorder” based, and most of them are geared towards pediatric neurologists, not generalists who take care of children. A common thread amongst most currently available books in Pediatric Neurology is that the practitioner already knows what “condition” or “disorder” the child is suffering from. This book focuses on symptoms to a large extent. However, children with chronic neurological conditions will follow up with their primary care physicians after their visit with the sub-specialists. They may have questions or ongoing concerns regarding the diagnosis that has been made or being considered. This book attempts to provide information to the primary care physician regarding management and follow up of such children as well. This book serves as a guide for busy clinicians who take care of children presenting with neurological symptoms- with special emphasis on symptoms that are commonly encountered in clinical practice. For each symptom, a brief introduction is given as well as a definition and epidemiologic information for the given symptom. Readers are also instructed on what historical features and physical examinations are essential in narrowing the differential diagnosis. A recommendation on the management of the condition is then established. Instructions on when one should refer the patient to subspecialists for further evaluation and management are clearly laid out. Finally, a list of appropriate resources is provided for families, as well as clinical pearls that can be quickly scanned when one is pressed for time. The overarching goal of this book is to enable the primary care physician to make a confident diagnosis, triage efficiently and initiate treatment if need be. Written by experts in the field, Symptom-Based Approach to Pediatric Neurology is a valuable resource for evaluation and management of children presenting with neurologic symptoms for primary care providers who take care of children.