Picking up where Minorities at Risk left off, Peoples Versus States offers an expanded and updated perspective on ethnic and nationalist conflict throughout the world, as well as efforts to manage it. Ted Gurr surveys the behavior of 275 politically active ethnic groups during the 1990s and pinpoints the factors that encourage the assertion of ethnic identities. Whereas his highly acclaimed 1993 book presented a disturbing picture of spreading ethnic violence, this volume documents a pronounced decline since the early 1990s--a decline attributable, in part at least, to many states abandoning strategies of assimilation and control in favor of policies of pluralism and accommodation. Nonetheless, Gurr identifies some ninety groups as being at significant risk of conflict and repression in the early 21st century. And he cautions that the emerging global regime of principles and strategies governing relations between communal groups and states is far from perfect or universally effective.

This book examines the history of the political demography of Indonesia. Chronologically, the book begins by introducing the colonization program as a predecessor of transmigration program after independence. The transmigration program, Indonesia’s state policy on migration, is discussed at length in the book but other migration related issues are also presented to show the complex relationship between migration and other social, economic and political issues in Indonesia. In the final chapter, the book discusses the contemporary issues and challenges of disintegration that is facing Indonesia as a nation-state. The book ends with an epilog that shows Indonesia’s political demography challenges in the 21st Century.

This book contains essays by leading international experts in the areas of international criminal law and international human rights law. Part One of the book contains eight essays in international criminal law, covering issues such as the crime of aggression; terrorism and the Statute of the International Criminal Court; the evolution of the law on crimes against humanity and genocide; the doctrine of universal jurisdiction; and the relationship between international human rights and international criminal law jurisprudence. Part Two has eight essays on economic, social and cultural rights, covering inter alia the right to development; genetic resources for food and agriculture; the right to food (also in armed conflict); the definition of cultural rights; and business and human rights. Part Three has six essays on minority rights dealing with issues such as the role of the Working Group on Minorities; the Hague, Oslo and Lund recommendations regarding minority questions; the protection of kin-minorities; and the situation of the Greenlanders. Part Four has fourteen essays on human rights issues such as citizenship and human rights; human rights law, the environment and indigenous peoples; the role of human rights institutions; leadership in the human rights movement; the sources of fundamental rights in the European Union; and human rights and traditional practices. The book also contains a comprehensive bibliography of Asbjørn Eide.

What is ‘modern slavery’ and who is responsible for it? What is the relevance of human rights law, which primarily regulates state conduct, for practices predominantly committed by private actors? Where can victims seek justice and redress when national authorities fail to protect them? These questions are the core focus of this book. Marija Jovanovich analyses the role and responsibility of states for addressing ‘modern slavery’ – a diverse set of practices usually perpetrated by non-state actors – against the backdrop of international human rights law. It explores the dynamic between criminal law and human rights law and reveals the different ways these legal domains work to secure justice for victims. The book considers the ‘absolute’ nature of the prohibition of modern slavery in human rights law, the range of practices covered by this umbrella term and their mutual relationships, the positive obligations of states established by international human rights tribunals owed to individuals subject to modern slavery, and the standards for assessing state responsibility in these situations. By engaging with the concept of exploitation in human rights law, Jovanovich glues together diverse practices of modern slavery, including servitude, forced labour, and human trafficking, into a coherent concept. The book elucidates the theoretical foundations of this fundamental human right and explains why human trafficking has an independent place within it. In addition to providing a comprehensive critique of the existing human rights jurisprudence, this book offers a roadmap for the future development of law on this subject emphasizing the limits of human rights law as a tool for addressing modern slavery.

Over the past decade or so, philosophical speculation about human rights has tended to fall into two streams. On the one hand, there are "Orthodox" theorists, who think of human rights as natural rights: moral rights that we have simply in virtue of being human. On the other hand, there are "Political" theorists, who think of human rights as rights that play a distinctive role, or set of roles, in modern international politics: setting universal standards of political legitimacy, serving as norms of international concern, and/or imposing limits on the exercise of national sovereignty. This edited volume explores this disagreement, its underlying sources, and related issues in the philosophy of human rights. Using the Orthodox-Political debate as a springboard for broader reflection, the volume covers a diverse range of questions about: the relevance of the history of human rights to their philosophical comprehension; how to properly understand the relationship between human rights morality and law; how to balance the normative character of human rights - their description of an ideal world - with the requirement that they be feasible in the here and now; the role of human rights in a world shaped by politics and power; and how to reconcile the individualistic and communitarian aspects of human rights. All chapters are accompanied by useful and probing commentaries, which help to create dialogues throughout the entire volume.

In recent years, influential studies have shown that the activities of human rights organizations are central in convincing violating governments to improve their practices. Yet some governments continue to get away with human rights violations despite mobilizations against them. In Human Rights and State Security: Indonesia and the Philippines, Anja Jetschke considers the impact of transnational human rights advocacy on the process of human rights reform and democratization in two countries that have been successful in resisting international human rights pressure. Jetschke details the effects of campaigns waged by international and domestic NGOs, foreign governments, local opposition leaders, and international organizations. She argues that the literature on transnational advocacy overlooks the ability of governments to justify and excuse human rights violations in their public dialogue with human rights organizations. Describing efforts of international and domestic human rights advocates to protect the rights of various groups, the case studies in this book suggest that governments successfully block or evade pressures if they invoke threats to state security. Jetschke finds that state security puts into play a set of powerful international norms related to sovereignty—a state's right to territorial integrity, the secular organization of the state, or a government's lack of control over the means of organized violence. If governments frame persuasive arguments around these norms, they can effectively mobilize competing domestic and international groups and trump human rights advocacy. Human Rights and State Security shows that the content and arguments on behalf of human rights matter and provide opportunities for both governments and civil society organizations to advance their agendas.