Walter Gropius associated standardisation with promoting civilisation in 1935, yet Andrew Carnegie’s influence on the proliferation of pattern book public library plans internationally predated these observations by 50 years. Through the first twenty years of his programme, he supported the erection of almost three thousand public buildings across Britain and America. Though better acknowledged in the US than the UK, this philanthropic contribution radically extended the scope of public provision and remains incomparable in its scale and scope in both nations. Frequently engraved with the self-deifying slogan Let there be Light , open access to navigate these new interior public spaces after work coincided with the first provision of electric light. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, professional groups had sought to specify minimum standards of natural light and air for schools and hospitals. However, the commercial quantification of electricity accelerated the development of a readily comparable vocabulary to prescribe adequate quantities of light for all tasks regardless of their location or orientation. Seeking to gauge the extent of universal values, this book concentrates on the design and performance of a handful of early Carnegie library buildings in Britain and America, identifying their response to contemporary design theory, but also by contrast to their respective local environmental contexts. It examines whether their standards of provision were equitable and if these privately financed public buildings were the first roots of generically standardised public environments to be shared transatlantically. The book also argues that the public library building type can provide a datum for acknowledging the twentieth century legacy of shared international environmental standards for public spaces more broadly.

Arnaud Cartwright Marts was successful over a long career in the mainstream of American life in the first half of the twentieth century. Although best known as a professional fund-raiser and co-founder of one of the largest professional consulting firms, he was president of Bucknell University from 1935 to 1945, a lecturer, and an author. This book gathers together the experiences and observations of over thirty years in the field of fund-raising. First published in 1953, it remains an exemplary statement of American capitalism as an ideology of obligation and the special place of foundations in expanding equity in society. The aim of philanthropy, in Mart's view, is to advance progress toward higher levels of well-being for all through the spirit of private obligation and voluntarism, concepts he locates specifically in the Judeo-Christian tradition and American political freedom and the free-enterprise system. The interaction of these concepts has borne fruit in America's colleges, cultural institutions, libraries, and hospitals, institutions that foster universal opportunity and individual initiative. Of particular importance in Marts's view of philanthropy is the role of the foundation and corporate support in promoting large-scale efforts in the direction of educational, scientific, and social progress. This volume is of value as a practical and ethical guide for the professional fund-raiser. Marts makes clear that the fund-raising specialist's expertise is, in part, technical, based on hard experience in working with volunteers, in planning and organizing campaigns, and in advising chief executives and members of boards, but he is firm in his belief that the ultimate purpose in any campaign is the cause to be served. The new introduction to this edition by Robert L. Payton offers a vivid biographical sketch of Arnaud C. Marts, situates his thought in its time and place, and analyzes differing conceptions of social progress between Marts's era and our own. It is of enduring value for fund-raising professionals, and social historians, and students of conservative thought.

The Routledge Handbook of Taxation and Philanthropy ventures into a territory that is still widely unexplored. It contains 30 academic contributions that aim to provide a better understanding of whether, why, and how philanthropic initiatives, understood as voluntary contributions for the common good, can and should be fostered by states through tax incentives. The topic has been addressed from a multidisciplinary and multicultural perspective – covering neuroeconomics, sociology, political science, psychology, affective sciences, philosophy, behavioral economy, and law – because of its global and multifaceted nature. It also contains the OECD report on Taxation and Philanthropy released in November 2020, which was prepared in this context as a result of a collaboration with the Geneva Centre for Philanthropy of the University of Geneva. The book is divided into four sections, exploring, respectively, the justification of tax incentives for philanthropy, theoretical and empirical insights about taxes, efficiency and donor behavior in that context, and tax incentives for cross-border philanthropy and for hybrid entities and social entrepreneurship. It is believed that this volume will be a landmark yet only the beginning of a journey in which a lot remains to be studied, learned, and said.

This book illuminates the philanthropic impulse that has influenced women's education and its place in the broader history of philanthropy in America. Contributing to the history of women, education, and philanthropy, the book shows how voluntary activity and home-grown educational enterprise were as important as big donors in the development of philanthropy. The essays in Women and Philanthropy in Education are generally concerned with local rather than national effects of philanthropy, and the giving of time rather than monetary support. Many of the essays focus on the individual lives of female philanthropists (Olivia Sage, Martha Berry) and teachers (Tsuda Umeko, Catharine Beecher), offering personal portraits of philanthropy in the 19th and 20th centuries. These stories provide evidence of the key role played by women in the development of philanthropy and its importance to the education of women. Philanthropic and Nonprofit Studies -- Dwight F. Burlingame and David C. Hammack, editors

Traces the historical development of civil society and philanthropy in the West and analyzes their role in solving the problems faced by modern liberal democracy

A landmark three-volume reference work documenting philanthropy and the nonprofit sector throughout American history, edited by the field's most widely recognized authority. Developed under the guidance of Dr. Dwight Burlingame of the Indiana University Center on Philanthropy, one of the nation's premier institutes for the study of philanthropy, the three-volume Philanthropy in America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia is the definitive work on philanthropic, charitable, and nonprofit endeavors in the United States. The first section of the encyclopedia contains over 200 A–Z entries covering the lives of important philanthropists, the missions and practices of key institutions and organizations, and the impact of seminal events throughout the history of the nonprofit sector in America, from precolonial times to the present. Discussions of philanthropic traditions in ancient civilizations, in Europe during colonial times, and in countries around the world today provide fascinating contexts for understanding how the American philanthropic experience has developed. The encyclopedia also includes a collection of primary source documents (legislation, foundation reports, mission statements, etc.) for convenient review and further research.

Philanthropy is both timeless and timely. Ancient Romans, Medieval aristocrats, and Victorian industrialists engaged in philanthropy, as do modern-day Chinese billionaires, South African activists, and Brazilian nuns. Today, philanthropic practice is evolving faster than ever before, with donors giving their time, talents, and social capital in creative new ways and in combination with their financial resources. These developments are generating complex new debates and adding new twists to enduring questions, from "why be philanthropic?" to "what does it mean to do philanthropy ‘better’?" Addressing such questions requires greater understanding of the contested purpose and diverse practice of philanthropy. With an international and interdisciplinary focus, The Philanthropy Reader serves as a one-stop resource that brings together essential and engaging extracts from key texts and major thinkers, and frames these in a way that captures the historical development, core concepts, perennial debates, global reach, and recent trends of this field. The book includes almost 100 seminal and illuminating writings about philanthropy, equipping readers with the guiding material they need to better grasp such a crucial yet complex and evolving topic. Additional readings and discussion questions also accompany the text as online supplements. This text will be essential reading for students on philanthropy courses worldwide, and will also be of interest to anyone active in the philanthropic and nonprofit sectors — from donors and grantmakers, to advisers and fundraisers.

An increasingly important and often overlooked issue in science and technology policy is recognizing the role that philanthropies play in setting the direction of research. In an era where public and private resources for science are strained, the practices that foundations adopt to advance basic and applied research needs to be better understood. This first-of-its-kind study provides a detailed assessment of the current state of science philanthropy. This examination is particularly timely, given that science philanthropies will have an increasingly important and outsized role to play in advancing responsible innovation and in shaping how research is conducted. Philanthropy and the Future of Science and Technology surveys the landscape of contemporary philanthropic involvement in science and technology by combining theoretical insights drawn from the responsible research and innovation (RRI) framework with empirical analysis investigating an array of detailed examples and case studies. Insights from interviews conducted with foundation representatives, scholars, and practitioners from a variety of sectors add real-world perspective. A wide range of philanthropic interventions are explored, focusing on support for individuals, institutions, and networks, with attention paid to the role that science philanthropies play in helping to establish and coordinate multi-sectoral funding partnerships. Novel approaches to science philanthropy are also considered, including the emergence of crowdfunding and the development of new institutional mechanisms to advance scientific research. The discussion concludes with an imaginative look into the future, outlining a series of lessons learned that can guide how new and established science philanthropies operate and envisioning alternative scenarios for the future that can inform how science philanthropy progresses over the coming decades. This book offers a major contribution to the advancement of philanthropic investment in science and technology. Thus, it will be of considerable interest to researchers and students in public policy, public administration, political science, science and technology studies, sociology of science, and related disciplines.

There is a new age of philanthropy in Europe: a 50 billion-plus financial market. New wealth, growing social need, and innovations in finance are creating a revolution in how people give. In this detailed, how-to guide to researching philanthropy in Europe, Christopher Carnie maps these changes, focusing on major donors--people and foundations investing or donating 25,000 or mroe--to help readers find their way around this transforming sector. Looking across the continent, How Philanthropy Is Changing in Europe includes interviews with philanthropists, wealth managers, and fundraisers that shed light on key segments of European philanthropy, such as the role of women. Carnie also draws on new giving data to provide practical insider knowledge on how to access donors and donor information. Complete with a substantial appendix of sources, this book not only helps readers to understand the revolution in philanthropy in Europe, but also supplies crucial market information for anyone building their own fundraising or philanthropy strategies.

At a time when billions of dollars are being harnessed for philanthropic giving in Australia, Savvy Giving is a unique and urgently needed contribution to modern philanthropy. This groundbreaking book offers rare insights, fresh ideas, expert perspectives and practical tools to transform understanding and elevate success for anyone stepping up to be part of structured giving for a better world. Genevieve Timmons draws on unrivalled expertise in philanthropic practice, after more than four decades in management, governance, thought leadership and teaching. She is universally respected in her field, and Savvy Giving is a distillation of wide, deep knowledge to inform practice and ensure philanthropy reaches its best potential in the time ahead. Timmons creates a compelling case for contemporary philanthropy, with a salute to history and traditions which have brought us to where we are. Her challenge is to avoid damaging, wasteful approaches where power is misunderstood and trust is absent in the funding relationship. She provides the roadmap for structured giving that is efficient, creative, values-aligned and informed by constant learning. No matter what your role or the amount of money to give, Savvy Giving is an essential read for anyone committed to shaping a better world with philanthropic dollars.