Polymers are substances containing a large number of structural units joined by the same type of linkage. These substances often form into a chain-like structure. Starch, cellulose, and rubber all possess polymeric properties. Today, the polymer industry has grown to be larger than the aluminium, copper and steel industries combined. Polymers already have a range of applications that far exceeds that of any other class of material available to man. Current applications extend from adhesives, coatings, foams, and packaging materials to textile and industrial fibres, elastomers, and structural plastics. Polymers are also used for most composites, electronic devices, biomedical devices, optical devices, and precursors for many newly developed high-tech ceramics. This book presents leading-edge research in this rapidly-changing and evolving field.

Fillers, Filled Polymers and Polymer Blends Design and synthesis of base materials is the very first step of innovation on materials an processes, followed by the search for synergy by appropriate combinations of these materials under different forms and shapes - films, coatings, foams, Packagings, scaffolds, ... - for a large range of applications including electronics, energy, life sciences and technology, environment, etc. This was the main topic of the first joint meeting 8th European Symposium on Polymer Blends and Eurofillers 2005, organized in Bruges, Belgium, from May 9 to May 12, 2005. This joint meeting showed that problems faced in "filled polymers" and "polymer blends" domains are most often very similar to each other and therefore should deserve attention and discussion from both scientific communities. The present volume covers most of the plenary and oral contributions presented a the meeting.

Tribology of Polymers, Polymer Composites, and Polymer Nanocomposites combines fundamental knowledge with the latest findings in the area of polymer tribology. From testing of property-related mechanisms to prediction of wear using artificial neural networks, the book explores all relevant polymer types, including elastomers, epoxy-based, nylon, and more while also discussing their different types of reinforcement, such as particulates, short fibers, natural fibers, and beyond. New developments in sustainable materials, environmental effects, nanoscaled fillers, and self-lubrication are each discussed, as are applications of these materials, guidelines for when to use certain polymer systems, and functional groups of polymers. Experimental methods and modeling and prediction techniques are also outlined. The tribology of graphene-based, biodegradable, hybrid nanofiller/polymer nanocomposites and other types of polymers is discussed at length. - Synthesizes the latest cutting-edge research in the tribological behaviors and applications of polymeric materials - Covers all relevant polymer types and concepts, including elastomers and natural fibers, different types of reinforcement materials, sustainable materials, interfacial modifiers and the environmental effects of self-lubrication - Outlines modeling techniques and how filler-matrix pairings and other approaches can control wear mechanisms

Preface; Some Manifestations of the Antioxidant Synergy During Polypropylene Oxidation; Inhibiting Properties of Substituted Arylamines with 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-Hydroxybenzene Fragments; Free Radical Mechanisms of the Unhydroglucose Cycle Radiation Degradation in Polysaccharides; Physical Features of Thermal Ageing Kinetics of Polyurethane and Polyisocyanurate Foams and Forecasting of their Durability; The Ageing of Rigid Polyurethane Foams and Their Waste Destruction at Influence of Landfill Leachiest; Influence of Mineral Filling Agent on the Thermostability of Poly(vinylchloride); Effect of Production Procedure of Butadiene Acrylonitrile Rubber (BNR) on Accelerated Aging of Industrial Rubber Compounds; Using Hindered-Amine Light Stabilisers for Protecting of Rubbers Under Various Types of Aging; Utilisation of Rubber Waste by Pyrolysis with Subsequent Burning of Solid Retorting Residue; Stages of Processes of Extension Deformation of Cross-Linked Polymer Obtained by Hardening Resorcine Glycidyl Ester by Metaphenylenediamine of Temperatures Above Glass Temperature; Temperature Dependence of Rate Constants of Linear Chain Termination for the Three-dimensional Polymerisation of Dimethacrylates; Kinetic Parameters Estimation of Reaction of Peroxides with Amines; Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Peroxides Decomposition; Synthesis of Functional Group Containing Organocyloxanes and Copolymeres on Their Base; Effect of Temperature on Conductivity of Polymer Conducting Composites; Ageing of Polyester Resin under Moisture Action; Supramolecular Heterophase Kinetic Model of Photo-Transformations in Cellulose Triacetate Sensitised by Naphtalene; Estimation, Forecasting, Regulation of Operational Stability of Materials in XXI Century; Perspectives of a Quantitative Estimation of Kinetics and Mechanism of Processes); The Role of Sulphur Containing Groups in Inhibition of Oxidative Degradation of Polyolefins by Hindered Amines; Estimation of Hindered Amines Molecular Structure Influence on Their Efficiency; Express Method for Thermoplastic Products Longevity Estimation; Thermal Behaviour and Stabilisation of Arylaliphatic Polyamide; Liquid Crystalline Copolymers as Modifiers for Some Thermoplastics; Diffusion at Acetic Acid in Hydrolysable Glassy Polymers. Case of Poly(vinylacetate), Poly(vinylalcohol) and Polyester; Inhibited Oxidation of Polypropylene Melt. The Effect of Multiple Crystallisation at the Polymers; Effect of Conditions on the Mechanism of Fracture of Polymers under Intense Stress Fields at Evaluated Temperature; Kinetic Peculiarities of Synthesis of Adamantane-Containing Polyamides and Polyimides; Chemical Modification of Aromatic Polyimides by Adamantane-Containing Diamines and Properties of Resulted Polymers; Research of a Membranes Material by Reversed Gas Chromatography; Influence of Intensive Mechanical Treatment on Decomposition of Barium Peroxide; The Peculiarities of a Bitumens Modification by Solidifying Thiokol Compositions; Ecological Aspects of Manufacture and Application of Highly Pure Liquid Substances; Use of Fluoropolymerts Unique Properties at Design of New Highly Effective Ecologically Friendly Technologies for Fine Purification of Halogen Hydrides and Their Aqueous Solutions; Index.

Polymer nanocomposites are polymer matrices reinforced with nano-scale fillers. This new class of composite materials has shown enhanced optical, electrical and dielectric properties. This important book begins by examining the characteristics of the main types of polymer nanocomposites and then reviews their diverse applications.Part one focuses on polymer/nanoparticle composites, their synthesis, optical properties and electrical conductivity. Part two describes the electrical, dielectric and thermal behaviour of polymer/nanoplatelet composites, whilst polymer/nanotube composites are the subject of Part three. The processing and industrial applications of these nanocomposite materials are discussed in Part four, including uses in fuel cells, bioimaging and sensors as well as the manufacture and applications of electrospun polymer nanocomposite fibers, nanostructured transition metal oxides, clay nanofiller/epoxy nanocomposites, hybrid epoxy-silica-rubber nanocomposites and other rubber-based nanocomposites.Polymer nanocomposites: physical properties and applications is a valuable reference tool for both the research community and industry professionals wanting to learn about these materials and their applications in such areas as fuel cell, sensor and biomedical technology. - Gives a comprehensive review of polymer nanocomposites and their properties - A standard reference on this area - Written by distinguished editors and a international team of authors

The second edition of Hot Embossing: Theory of Microreplication will present the current state of the art in microreplication with a focus on hot embossing, nanoimprint, thermoforming, and roll-to-roll replication. Polymer processing, the theory of polymers and the processing of polymers are discussed in detail. Aspects of process simulation and the corresponding material models are also covered. The book contains in-depth analysis of processing processes and replication techniques including mold fabrication. Monitoring, data analysis and reliability of molded parts is also discussed. In the Second Edition new processes are included, including the process of micro- and nanothermoforming to generate 3D structures and the hot pulling processes to generate hierarchical structures with high aspect ratios. Based on hot pulling, "Nanofur for Oil-water-separation is a large-scale biomimetic application. Upscaling, especially the seamless roll-to-roll replication, is also explored. The book is designed to cover the entire workflow for a seamless lithographic sleeve.This new edition marks a substantial update of the previous edition, incorporating several new chapters. It is an important resource for materials scientists and engineers working in the areas of micro- and nanofabrication. - Comprehensively updated to include new techniques, processes, and variables that have come to prominence in recent years - Includes new chapters that address monitoring, properties of molded parts, 3D thermoforming, hot pulling, functional materials, smart surfaces, and upscaling by roll-2-roll - Discusses the entire microreplication process, from theory and processes to technology and mold to surface-oriented applications

Although polypropylene has been marketed since the 1950s, research and development in this area is still vigorous. The consumption of polypropylene over the years has been relatively high, mainly due to the steady improvement of its property profile. Polypropylene: Structures, Blends and Composites, in three separate volumes, reflects on the key factors which have contributed to the success of polypropylene, dealing with all aspects of structure-performance relationships relevant to thermoplastic polymers and related composites. Volume 1, Structure and Morphology, deals with polymorphism in polypropylene homo- and copolymers, where molecular and supermolecular structures are covered, and the processing-induced structure development of polypropylene, showing the interrelation between the processing-induced morphology and mechanical performance. Volume 2, Copolymers and Blends, contains comprehensive surveys of the nucleation and crystallisation behaviour of the related systems. It includes the development of morphology and its effects on rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene-based alloys and blends and a review of polypropylene-based thermoplastic elastomers. Volume 3, Composites, gives a comprehensive overview of filled and reinforced systems with polypropylene as a matrix material, with the main emphasis on processing-structure-property-interrelationships. Chapters cover all aspects of particulate filled, chopped fibre-, fibre mat- and continuous fibre-reinforced composites. Interfacial phenomena, such as adhesion, wetting and interfacial crystallisation, are also included as important aspects of this subject.

This book provides a broad overview of current studies in the engineering of polymers and chemicals of various origins. The innovative chapters cover the growth of educational, scientific, and industrial research activities among chemists, biologists, and polymer and chemical engineers. This book publishes significant research and reviews reporting

This book discusses the methods synthesizing various carbon materials, like graphite, carbon blacks, carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. It also details different functionalization and modification processes used to improve the properties of these materials and composites. From a geometrical–structural point of view, it examines different properties of the composites, such as mechanical, electrical, dielectric, thermal, rheological, morphological, spectroscopic, electronic, optical, and toxic, and describes the effects of carbon types and their geometrical structure on the properties and applications of composites.