Practical Model-Based Testing gives a practical introduction to model-based testing, showing how to write models for testing purposes and how to use model-based testing tools to generate test suites. It is aimed at testers and software developers who wish to use model-based testing, rather than at tool-developers or academics. The book focuses on the mainstream practice of functional black-box testing and covers different styles of models, especially transition-based models (UML state machines) and pre/post models (UML/OCL specifications and B notation). The steps of applying model-based testing are demonstrated on examples and case studies from a variety of software domains, including embedded software and information systems. From this book you will learn: - The basic principles and terminology of model-based testing - How model-based testing differs from other testing processes - How model-based testing fits into typical software lifecycles such as agile methods and the Unified Process - The benefits and limitations of model-based testing, its cost effectiveness and how it can reduce time-to-market - A step-by-step process for applying model-based testing - How to write good models for model-based testing - How to use a variety of test selection criteria to control the tests that are generated from your models - How model-based testing can connect to existing automated test execution platforms such as Mercury Test Director, Java JUnit, and proprietary test execution environments - Presents the basic principles and terminology of model-based testing - Shows how model-based testing fits into the software lifecycle, its cost-effectiveness, and how it can reduce time to market - Offers guidance on how to use different kinds of modeling techniques, useful test generation strategies, how to apply model-based testing techniques to real applications using case studies

Die Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen (HMIs) von Infotainmentsystemen der heutigen Premiumfahrzeuge sind sehr komplexe und eingebettete Systeme. Sie haben im Vergleich mit herkömmlichen PC-Applikationen besondere Eigenschaften, insbesondere bezogen auf ihre Variabilität. Die Variabilität von Infotainmentsystem HMIs ergibt sich aus unterschiedlichen Fahrzeugmodellen, Produktserien, Märkten, Ausstattungen, System- sowie Sprachvarianten. Die hohe Anzahl der Varianten führt zu enorm hohem Testaufwand. Modellbasiertes Testen ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um den Testaufwand durch die automatische Testfallgenerierung und Testausführung zu reduzieren und gleichzeitig die Testabdeckung zu erhöhen. Während modellbasiertes Testen bereits für Funktionstests häufig eingesetzt wird, bleiben HMI Tests meist noch manuell oder teil-automatisiert. Außerdem kann durch manuelles Testen eine systematische Testabdeckung nur sehr schwierig erreicht werden. Zahlreiche Forschungsarbeiten befassen sich mit dem GUI-Testen. Variabilität ist im Bereich der Software-Produktentwicklung ein immer beliebteres Forschungsthema. Ein modellbasierter Testansatz für komplexe HMIs mit Berücksichtigung der Variabilität ist allerdings immer noch nicht vorhanden. Diese Doktorarbeit präsentiert eine modellbasierte Testmethode für Infotainmentsystem HMIs mit dem besonderen Ziel das Variabilitätsproblem zu lösen. Zusätzlich bietet diese Doktorarbeit eine Basis für zukünftiges HMI-Testen in der Industrie an. Der Ansatz in dieser Doktorarbeit basiert auf einem modellbasiertem HMI-Testframework, das zwei essentielle Komponenten beinhaltet: eine Test-orientierte Spezifikation und eine Komponente zur Testgenerierung. Die Test-orientierte Spezifikation hat eine geschichtete Struktur und ist darauf ausgerichtet, die fürs Testen relevanten Daten zu spezifizieren. Sowohl dynamisches Menüverhalten als auch die Darstellung des HMI sind die Testziele. Die Testgenerierung erzeugt automatisch Tests aus der Test-orientierten HMI Spezifikation. Das Testframework kann um eine automatische Testausführung erweitert werden. Nachdem die generierten Tests instanziiert werden, ist es möglich, sie automatisch innerhalb eines Testautomatisierungsframeworks durchzuführen. Diese Doktorarbeit befasst sich mit Methoden, um die HMI-Varianten effizient zu spezifizieren und zu testen und basiert auf Ansatz für Software Produktlinien. Das bedeutet, die Test-orientierte Spezifikation ist erweitert um sowohl die Gemeinsamkeiten als auch die Spezialitäten der Varianten zu beschreiben. Insbesondere werden Strategien entwickelt, um Tests für unterschiedliche Varianten der Produktlinien automatisch zu generieren. Die Besonderheit dabei ist, dass Redundanzen sowohl für den Generierungsvorgang als auch den Ausführungsvorgang vermieden werden können. Das ist wegen den eingeschränkten Ressourcen und aus Effizienzsgründen besonders wichtig für die Industrie. Die Modellierung und das Testen von variantenreichen HMIs stellen die Hauptbeiträge dieser Dissertation dar. Die Ergebnisse dieser Doktorarbeit können hoffentlich als eine Lösung für modellbasiertes Testen der multi-varianten HMIs dienen und der Automotive-Industrie eine Basis der zukünftigen HMI Testenstandards liefern. The human-machine interfaces (HMIs) of today’s premium automotive infotainment systems are complex embedded systems which have special characteristics in comparison to GUIs of standard PC applications, in particular regarding their variability. The variability of infotainment system HMIs results from different car models, product series, markets, equipment configuration possibilities, system types and languages and necessitates enormous testing efforts. The model-based testing approach is a promising solution for reducing testing efforts and increasing test coverage. However, while model-based testing has been widely used for function tests of subsystems in practice, HMI tests have remained manual or only semi-automated and are very time-consuming and work-intensive. Also, it is very difficult to achieve systematic or high test coverage via manual tests. A large amount of research work has addressed GUI testing in recent years. In addition, variability is becoming an ever more popular topic in the domain of software product line development. However, a model-based testing approach for complex HMIs which also considers variability is still lacking. This thesis presents a modelbased testing approach for infotainment system HMIs with the particular aim of resolving the variability problem. Furthermore, the thesis provides a foundation for future standards of HMI testing in practice. The proposed approach is based on a model-based HMI testing framework which includes two essential components: a test-oriented HMI specification and a test generation component. The test-oriented HMI specification has a layered structure and is suited to specifying data which is required for testing different features of the HMI. Both the dynamic behavior and the representation of the HMI are the testing focuses of this thesis. The test generation component automatically generates tests from the test-oriented HMI specification. Furthermore, the framework can be extended in order to automatically execute the generated tests. Generated tests must first be initialized, which means that they are enhanced with concrete user input data. Afterwards, initialized tests can be automatically executed with the help of a test execution tool which must be extended into the testing framework. In this thesis, it is proposed to specify and test different HMI-variants which have a large set of commonalities based on the software product line approach. This means the test-oriented HMI specification is extended in order to describe the commonalities and variabilities between HMI variants of an HMI product line. In particular, strategies are developed in order to generate tests for different HMI products. One special feature is that redundancies are avoided both for the test generation and the execution processes. This is especially important for the industrial practice due to limited test resources. Modeling and testing variability of automotive HMIs make up the main research contributions of this thesis. We hope that the results presented in this thesis will offer GUI testing research a solution for model-based testing of multi-variant HMIs and provide the automotive industry with a foundation for future HMI testing standards.

This book contains proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control and Communication Technology (IAC3T) organized by Centre for Computer Education, Institute of Professional Studies, University of Allahabad during March 25-27, 2016 at Allahabad. A total of 138 full papers were submitted to the conference, out of which about 40 papers were accepted and finally 35 papers were presented during the conference. This book contains these papers. The conference was a major multidisciplinary conference organized with the objective to expose the participants to the emerging trends in the area of computing, control and communication technology. The conference intended to serve as a major international forum for the exchange of ideas and to provide an interactive platform to the students (budding engineers), engineers, researchers and academicians to exchange their innovative ideas and experiences in the area of advancements in computing, control and communication technology.

What the experts have to say about Model-Based Testing for Embedded Systems: "This book is exactly what is needed at the exact right time in this fast-growing area. From its beginnings over 10 years ago of deriving tests from UML statecharts, model-based testing has matured into a topic with both breadth and depth. Testing embedded systems is a natural application of MBT, and this book hits the nail exactly on the head. Numerous topics are presented clearly, thoroughly, and concisely in this cutting-edge book. The authors are world-class leading experts in this area and teach us well-used and validated techniques, along with new ideas for solving hard problems. "It is rare that a book can take recent research advances and present them in a form ready for practical use, but this book accomplishes that and more. I am anxious to recommend this in my consulting and to teach a new class to my students." —Dr. Jeff Offutt, professor of software engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA "This handbook is the best resource I am aware of on the automated testing of embedded systems. It is thorough, comprehensive, and authoritative. It covers all important technical and scientific aspects but also provides highly interesting insights into the state of practice of model-based testing for embedded systems." —Dr. Lionel C. Briand, IEEE Fellow, Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway, and professor at the University of Oslo, Norway "As model-based testing is entering the mainstream, such a comprehensive and intelligible book is a must-read for anyone looking for more information about improved testing methods for embedded systems. Illustrated with numerous aspects of these techniques from many contributors, it gives a clear picture of what the state of the art is today." —Dr. Bruno Legeard, CTO of Smartesting, professor of Software Engineering at the University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France, and co-author of Practical Model-Based Testing

Provides a practical and comprehensive introduction to the key aspects of model-based testing as taught in the ISTQB® Model-Based Tester—Foundation Level Certification Syllabus This book covers the essentials of Model-Based Testing (MBT) needed to pass the ISTQB® Foundation Level Model-Based Tester Certification. The text begins with an introduction to MBT, covering both the benefits and the limitations of MBT. The authors review the various approaches to model-based testing, explaining the fundamental processes in MBT, the different modeling languages used, common good modeling practices, and the typical mistakes and pitfalls. The book explains the specifics of MBT test implementation, the dependencies on modeling and test generation activities, and the steps required to automate the generated test cases. The text discusses the introduction of MBT in a company, presenting metrics to measure success and good practices to apply. Provides case studies illustrating different approaches to Model-Based Testing Includes in-text exercises to encourage readers to practice modeling and test generation activities Contains appendices with solutions to the in-text exercises, a short quiz to test readers, along with additional information Model-Based Testing Essentials – Guide to the ISTQB® Certified Model-Based Tester – Foundation Level is written primarily for participants of the ISTQB® Certification: software engineers, test engineers, software developers, and anybody else involved in software quality assurance. This book can also be used for anyone who wants a deeper understanding of software testing and of the use of models for test generation.

In his latest work, author Paul C Jorgensen takes his well-honed craftsman’s approach to mastering model-based testing (MBT). To be expert at MBT, a software tester has to understand it as a craft rather than an art. This means a tester should have deep knowledge of the underlying subject and be well practiced in carrying out modeling and testing techniques. Judgment is needed, as well as an understanding of MBT the tools. The first part of the book helps testers in developing that judgment. It starts with an overview of MBT and follows with an in-depth treatment of nine different testing models with a chapter dedicated to each model. These chapters are tied together by a pair of examples: a simple insurance premium calculation and an event-driven system that describes a garage door controller. The book shows how simpler models—flowcharts, decision tables, and UML Activity charts—express the important aspects of the insurance premium problem. It also shows how transition-based models—finite state machines, Petri nets, and statecharts—are necessary for the garage door controller but are overkill for the insurance premium problem. Each chapter describes the extent to which a model can support MBT. The second part of the book gives testers a greater understanding of MBT tools. It examines six commercial MBT products, presents the salient features of each product, and demonstrates using the product on the insurance premium and the garage door controller problems. These chapters each conclude with advice on implementing MBT in an organization. The last chapter describes six Open Source tools to round out a tester’s knowledge of MBT. In addition, the book supports the International Software Testing Qualifications Board’s (ISTQB®) MBT syllabus for certification.

This book constitutes revised papers of the proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on System Analysis and Modeling, SAM 2012, held in Innsbruck, Austria, in October 2012. The 12 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 27 submissions. In addition, the book contains two keynote speeches in full-paper length. The contributions are organized in topical sections named: test and analysis, language enhancements, fuzzy subjects, components and composition, and configuring and product lines.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 15th IFIP Working Conference on the Practice of Enterprise Modeling, PoEM 2022, which took place in London, UK, during November 23-25, 2022. PoEM offers a forum for sharing experiences and knowledge between the academic community and practitioners from industry and the public sector. This year the theme of the conference is Enterprise Modeling and Model-based Development and Engineering. The 15 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 45 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: models in information system development; modeling enterprise architectures; modeling capabilities and ecosystems; DSML and meta-modeling; and participatory modeling.

This Festschrift volume has been published in honor of Ed Brinksma, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. The contributions in this Festschrift are written by a number of Ed's former Ph.D. students and collaborators. The papers are a reflection on his research contributions and interests and all fall into the area of formal methods, or in Ed's terminology applied mathematics in computer science. The papers address modeling languages and semantics, model-based testing, verification and performance analysis, probabilistic computation, system dynamics, and applications of formal methods.

A Message from the TAIC PART 2010 General Chair TAIC PART is a unique event that strives to combine aspects of a conference, a workshop and a retreat. Its purpose is to bring together industrialists and academics in an environment that promotes fundamental collaborationon pr- lems in software testing. Among the wide range of topics in computer science andsoftwareengineering,softwaretesting is anidealcandidatefor academicand industrialcollaborationbecauseadvancesinresearchcanhavesuchwide-ranging and far-reaching implications for industry. Conversely, the advances in comp- ing and communications technology and the growth of the associated software engineering activity are producing new researchchallengesat an increasing rate. The problems that arise in software testing are related to the problems that ariseinmanyotherareasofcomputing.Assuch,testingresearchcombinesawide range of elements encompassing the theoretical work of program analysis and formal methods and the associated representations such as ?nite-state machines and dependence graphs. The inherent complexity of software testing has led to the involvement of heuristic methods. Software testing is also a human activity and has thus seen the involvement of psychology,sociologyand even philosophy. This astonishing breadth and depth have made the problems of software testing appealing to academics for several decades.