This volume draws together OECD work to date on measures for ensuring effective privacy protection on global networks while continuing to allow the transborder flow of personal data.

The distinguished editors and contributors to this book have produced a valuable report of the state of privacy in a number of jurisdictions with their distinct legal and political traditions. It highlights the challenges we confront in our effort to protect and defend a central democratic ideal. Raymond Wacks, Computer Law and Security Review . . . This book is. . . a seminal piece of literature. . . Although the volume is about privacy law and the international politics of data protection, it is vitally important for the whole field of surveillance studies. It is easy to follow, and written in a way that nonlegal scholars can easily grasp. Nils Zurawski, Surveillance and Society Global Privacy Protection is certainly to be commended. Daniel Seng, Singapore Journal of Legal Studies Global Privacy Protection reviews the origins and history of national privacy codes as social, political and legal phenomena in Australia, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, South Korea and the United States. The first chapter reviews key international statements on privacy rights, such as the OECD, EU and APEC principles. In the following chapters, the seven national case studies present and analyze the widest variety of privacy stories in an equally varied array of countries. They look beyond the details of what current national data-protection laws allow and prohibit to examine the origins of public concern about privacy; the forces promoting or opposing privacy codes; the roles of media, grassroots activists and elite intervention; and a host of other considerations shaping the present state of privacy protection in each country. Providing a rich description of the interweaving of national traditions, legal institutions, and power relations, this book will be of great interest to scholars engaged in the study of comparative law, information law and policy, civil liberties, and international law. It will also appeal to policy-makers in the many countries now contemplating the adoption of privacy codes, as well as to privacy activists.

This book offers an analysis of privacy impacts resulting from and reinforced by technology and discusses fundamental risks and challenges of protecting privacy in the digital age. Privacy is among the most endangered "species" in our networked society: personal information is processed for various purposes beyond our control. Ultimately, this affects the natural interplay between privacy, personal identity and identification. This book investigates that interplay from a systemic, socio-technical perspective by combining research from the social and computer sciences. It sheds light on the basic functions of privacy, their relation to identity, and how they alter with digital identification practices. The analysis reveals a general privacy control dilemma of (digital) identification shaped by several interrelated socio-political, economic and technical factors. Uncontrolled increases in the identification modalities inherent to digital technology reinforce this dilemma and benefit surveillance practices, thereby complicating the detection of privacy risks and the creation of appropriate safeguards. Easing this problem requires a novel approach to privacy impact assessment (PIA), and this book proposes an alternative PIA framework which, at its core, comprises a basic typology of (personally and technically) identifiable information. This approach contributes to the theoretical and practical understanding of privacy impacts and thus, to the development of more effective protection standards. This book will be of much interest to students and scholars of critical security studies, surveillance studies, computer and information science, science and technology studies, and politics.

`Cyberspace' is the emerging invisible, intangible world of electronic information and processes stored at multiple interconnected sites. The digital revolution leads to `convergence' (of telecommunications, computer/Internet and broadcasting) and to dynamic multimedia value chains. Deregulation and competition are major driving forces in the new interactive electronic environment. This volume contains normative proposals for `cyber'-regulation, including self-regulation, grounded on developments in the EU, US and the Far East, in international organisations (WTO, OECD, WIPO, ITU), in business fora, in NGOs, in the `Internet community' and in academic research. The multi-actor (government, business, civil society) and multi-level analysis (subsidiarity) pertains e.g. to ex-ante and ex-post access-regulation, competition, network economics (external effects, essential facilities), public interest principles (human dignity, free speech, privacy, security), development and culture, consumer protection, cryptography, domain names and copyright. Lawyers, regulators, business executives, investment bankers, diplomats, and civil society representatives need shared essentials of plurilateral `governance' to safeguard both competition and public interest objectives, at a scale congruent to `cyberspace', in the transition to an `international law of cooperation'.

Increasingly, computers are a part of even the most ordinary and simple aspects of human existence. Computers have changed forever how we work, learn, shop and seek information. They have also, since the 1960s, been programmed to monitor and analyze in various ways the interaction between humans and themselves. The rapid development of the World Wide Web in the 1990s has given new life, direction and urgency to this enterprise. This work describes the myriad ways, benign or malign, in which computers are used to monitor people's use of computers. Four distinct contexts for monitoring are examined: formal learning environments (e.g., educational software); information seeking environments (e.g., online library catalogs); the workplace; and the Internet (e.g., online shopping). Computerized monitoring often is called an invasion of privacy, and the conceptual and ethical dimensions of confidentiality and privacy in virtual environments are explored at length. In addition to providing information about the various computerized monitoring tools and techniques, this work focuses on the broader social, conceptual, ethical and legal implications.

The 8th International Conference on Cryptology and Network Security (CANS 2009) was held at the Ishikawa Prefectural Museum of Art in Kanazawa,Japan, during December 12–14, 2009. The conference was jointly co-organized by the NationalInstituteofAdvancedIndustrialScienceandTechnology(AIST),Japan, and the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST). In ad- tion, the event was supported by the Special Interest Group on Computer Se- rity (CSEC), IPSJ, Japan, the Japan Technical Group on Information Security (ISEC), IEICE, the Japan Technical Committee on Information and Com- nication System Security(ICSS), IEICE, and the Society of Information Theory and its Applications (SITA), Japan, and co-sponsored by the National Ins- tute of Information and Communications Technology, Japan, ComWorth Co. , LTD, Japan, Hitachi, Ltd. , Hokuriku Telecommunication Network Co. ,Inc. , and Internet Initiative Japan Inc. The conference received 109 submissions from 24 countries, out of which 32 were accepted for publication in these proceedings. At least three Program Committee (PC) members reviewed each submitted paper, while submissions co-authored by a PC member were submitted to the more stringent evaluation of ?ve PC members. In addition to the PC members, many external reviewers joinedthereviewprocessintheirparticularareasofexpertise. Wewerefortunate to have this energetic team of experts, and are deeply grateful to all of them for their hard work, which included a very active discussion phase—almost as long as the initial individual reviewing period. The paper submission, review and discussion processes were e?ectively and e?ciently made possible by the Web-based system iChair.

Invasion of privacy and misuse of personal data are among the most obvious negative effects of today's information and communication technologies. Besides technical issues from a variety of fields, privacy legislation, depending on national activities and often lacking behind technical progress, plays an important role in designing, implementing, and using privacy-enhancing systems. Taking into account technical aspects from IT security, this book presents in detail a formal task-based privacy model which can be used to technically enforce legal privacy requirements. Furthermore, the author specifies how the privacy model policy has been implemented together with other security policies in accordance with the Generalized Framework for Access Control (GFAC). This book will appeal equally to R&D professionals and practitioners active in IT security and privacy, advanced students, and IT managers.

Pursuing an interdisciplinary approach, this book offers detailed insights into the empirical relationships between overall social key figures of states and cultures in the fields of information and communication technology (ICT) (digital divide/inequality), the economy, education and religion. Its goal is to bridge the ‘cultural gap’ between computer scientists, engineers, economists, social and political scientists by providing a mutual understanding of the essential challenges posed and opportunities offered by a global information and knowledge society. In a sense, the historically unprecedented technical advances in the field of ICT are shaping humanity at different levels and forming a hybrid (intelligent) human-technology system, a so-called global superorganism. The main innovation is the combined study of digitization and globalization in the context of growing social inequalities, collapse, and sustainable development, and how a convergence towards a kind of global culture could take place. Accordingly, the book discusses the spread of ICT, Internet Governance, the balance between the central concentration of power and the extent of decentralized power distribution, the inclusion or exclusion of people and states in global communication processes, and the capacity for global empathy or culture.