This paper broadly examines the health sector in Kenya, by synthesizing an assessment of the health sector with an analysis of the market. After considering the legal and regulatory framework, the policy enforcement, the human resource capacity, and the financing of health systems, the paper makes recommendations for policy makers.

The Tanzania Private Health Sector Assessment provides information on the size, location and characteristics of non-state health service providers in Tanzania. It also identifies challenges and opportunities for the Government of Tanzania and International Community to leverage the potential of these providers to achieve

The government of the Republic of Congo is taking a system approach to reorganizing its health system. It is endeavoring to create a political, juridical, and regulatory environment to foster the development of its health care services under government leadership working with the private sector.

Many countries that subscribe to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have committed to ensuring access to basic health services for their citizens. Health insurance has been considered and promoted as the major financing mechanism to improve access to health services, as well to provide financial risk protection.

Since the private health sector is an important, and often dominant, provider of health services in Sub-Saharan Africa, it is the job of governments as the stewards of the health system to engage with it. Increasing the contributions that the existing private health sector is making to public health is an important, but often neglected, element of meeting the daunting health-related challenges facing African nations. This Report presents newly collected data on how and how effectively each country in the Africa region is engaging the respective private health sectors; and how the engagement compares across the region. While the approach taken by governments varies greatly between countries, there is much room for improvement in the Africa region overall to engage more effectively and room for exchange of ideas and good practices on how to do so. Improved solutions on the policy/regulatory side should be supported by effective organization of the private sector itself and by adjustments in donor programs that take the dynamics of the private health sector better into account.

This report provides insight and expounds lessons from the health sector to the broader challenges of aid effectiveness.

Kenyas private sector is one of the most developed and dynamic in Sub-Saharan Africa. In the health sector where the leading causes of death are HIV/AIDS, acute respiratory infection, diarrheal diseases, and malaria the private commercial (for-profit) sector and the not-for-profit sector play critical roles in preventing and treating disease. Even among the poor, the private sector is an important source of care. For example, 47 percent of the poorest quintile of Kenyans use a private facility when a child is sick. In recognition of this important role, the Government of Kenya (GOK) has developed strategies to develop the private health sector in its Vision 2030 plan as well as in the strategic plans for 2008-2012 of the Ministry of Medical Services and Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation. Some of the key features of those plans include social health insurance to increase access to health care, a reduced role for the Ministry of Health in service delivery, more delegation of authority to provincial and district level, and promoting more public-private partnerships (PPPs).In this context, USAID/Kenya requested that the Private Sector Partnerships-One project (PSP-One) conduct an assessment of the private health sector in Kenya. The scope of work involved assessing the role of the private sector in the overall health system, considering the potential of the private sector to play a greater role and identifying ways to improve the public-private interface to increase equity, access and efficiency in the health system. The development of the scope of work also coincided with the start-up of the World Bank/International Finance Corporation (IFC) program for Better Health in Africa, which envisions improvement of the government-private sector interface to create new opportunities for investment and lending for growth of the private health sector in Africa. As a result, the PSP-One team was able to benefit from World Bank/IFC support for both this report and a summary report that served as a catalyst for a policy dialogue. The recommendations in this report have been revised in consideration of stakeholder feedback received during the policy process.

TOPICS IN THE BOOK Factors Affecting Effective Implementation of Wind Power Projects in Kenya Factors Influencing Competitiveness of SMEs in Nairobi County, Kenya Influence of Entrepreneurial Marketing Strategies on the Growth of Small and Medium Water Bottling Enterprises in Kenya Factors Affecting Completion of Women Empowerment Projects by Community Based Organizations in Kenya: A Case Study of Miujiza Umoja Women Group Ongata Rongai Determinants of Entrepreneurial Investmentsin Private Sector Health Services Provision in Wote, Makueni County

Under its Health in Africa Initiative, IFC intended to conduct a country assessment of the private health sector in Mali, working in close collaboration with the World Bank and the Government of Mali. The Core objective of the Mali Country Assessment Report was to work closely with the Government of Mali and Development partners to develop recommendations for a reform program to strengthen the existing policy framework for the public-private interface in the health sector and to improve the delivery of health related goods and services for all Malians. As part of this, the purpose of the book was to: • Determine the role the private sector currently plays in Mali’s health care system. • Present a diagnose of the nature and effectiveness of the existing interface between the public and private sectors in Mali, health system constraints, as well as the business enabling and investment environment. • Assist the World Bank Group to engage in policy dialogue with stakeholders in Mali’s health care system, and particularly with public officials and policy makers; and help develop detailed recommendations for the Government of Mali with policy makers and key stakeholders.

This second edition of the Historical Dictionary of the World Bank shows the substantial progress the Bank has made, this mainly through the dictionary section with concise entries on its component institutions, related organizations, its achievements in various fields, some of the major projects and member countries, and its various presidents. The introduction explains how the Bank works while the chronology traces the major events over nearly 70 years. Meanwhile, the list of acronyms reminds us just who the main players are. And the bibliography directs readers to useful internal documentation and outside studies.