This book offers a global presentation of issues under study for improving science education research in the context of the knowledge-based society at a European and international level. It includes discussions of several theoretical approaches, research overviews, research methodologies, and the teaching and learning of science. It is based on papers presented at the Third International Conference of the European Science Education Research Association (Thessaloniki, Greece, August 2001).

In August 2005, over 500 researchers from the field of science education met at the 5th European Science Education Research Association conference. Two of the main topics at this conference were: the decrease in the number of students interested in school science and concern about the worldwide outcomes of studies on students’ scientific literacy. This volume includes edited versions of 37 outstanding papers presented, including the lectures of the keynote speakers.

This book offers a global presentation of issues under study for improving science education research in the context of the knowledge-based society at a European and international level. It includes discussions of several theoretical approaches, research overviews, research methodologies, and the teaching and learning of science. It is based on papers presented at the Third International Conference of the European Science Education Research Association (Thessaloniki, Greece, August 2001).

We are delighted to deliver the Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Innovation in Education, Science and Culture (ICIESC). This conference was organized by Research and Community Service Centre of Universitas Negeri Medan (LPPM UNIMED) held virtually on 31 August 2021. By raise up the main theme of Leading Recovery: “The New Innovation in Education, Science and Culture After a Global Pandemic”, the 3rd ICIESC conference shows up several interested topics as a Science Education, Vocational Education, Social Science and Humanities, Management Innovation and Heritage Culture. Some of the topics been interested topic and important to be discussed. With the number participant is 180 participants, who came from Universitas Negeri Medan, Universitas Negeri Makasar, Widyagama University of Malang, Rizal Technological University, Philippine, Sholom-Aleichem Priamursky State University Rusia, Thu Dau Mot University Vietnam. ICIESC consists of 79 papers. The double blinds review process was employed by committee to evaluate all papers, whose members are highly qualified independent researchers in the ICIESC topic area. It has been our privilege to convene this conference. Our sincere thanks, to the conference organizing committee; to the Program Chairs for their wise advice and brilliant suggestion on organizing the technical program and to the Program Committee for their through and timely reviewing of the papers. Recognition should go to the Local Organizing Committee members who have all worked extremely hard for the details of important aspects of the conference programs and social activities. Finally, we hope that this proceedings can bring contribution and inspire you, and result in new knowledge, collaborations, and friendships. Thank you and we hope to meet you again for the next conference of ICIESC.

We are delighted to introduce the proceedings of the third edition of the International Conference on of Education and Science. The 3rd International Conference of Education and Science (ICES) Universitas Kristen Indonesia will be an annual event hosted by Education and Teacher Training Faculty, Universitas Kristen Indonesia. This year (2021), will be the third ICES UKI will be held on 17-18 November 2021 at Education and Teacher Training Faculty, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Indonesia. This conference has brought researchers, developers and practitioners around the world. The theme of ICES 2021 was “Research and Education Sustainability Post COVID-19 in Asian Context” . The 3rd International Conference of Education and Science (ICES) 2021 consisted of 46 full papers. The conference tracks were teaching and learning, education technology, educational psychology, and christian education. “Research and Education Sustainability Post COVID-19 in Asian Context” has been chosen at the main theme for the conference. Science and education underlie all human life, especially in the face of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, which is clearly stated in RIRN. Thus, science and education will become a special field of study in the 3rd ICES 2021. Through this activity, it is expected to increase the number of international publications by Indonesian academics in the fields of natural science, social science, and education. The conference invites delegates from across Indonesian and Asian region and beyond, and is usually attended by more than 1000 participants from university academics, researchers, practitioners, and professionals across a wide range of industries. We strongly believe that The 3rd International Conference of Education and Science (ICES) 2021 provides a good forum for all researcher, developers and practitioners to discuss all science and education aspects that are relevant to The 3rd ICES 2021. We also expect that the future The 4rd ICES 2022 will be as successful and stimulating, as indicated by the contributions presented in this volume.

This is an open access book. The universe and society, both macro and micro, were created based on the laws of order which in principle have something in common. For example, the Milky Way solar system in which the center of the solar system is the sun, is surrounded by planets in its orbit. These planets, like Earth, are surrounded by their moons. It turns out that even very small objects such as atomic molecules have a circular model. The aims of research is to find these regularities to facilitate and improve the quality of life.The advancement of science and technology, sport, languages and arts are dedicated not only to facilitate the human life but also educate human being themselves. Arts is the highest achievement that contain values of life that highly respected by a nation. It can be said that arts are reflection of the civilization including moral, and vise versa; civilization as the representation of the advancement of moral, science, technology, cultures, languages, and arts by human being.The viruses that cause the Covid 19 pandemic are hard to anticipate. Everything must be changed. This means that it is necessary to strive for innovative methods to STRENGTHEN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH AND INNOVATION BASED ON MORAL, SCIENCES, AND ART IN NEW ERAICERI is an international conference that accomodates research and innovation in educational practices in various fields of study. For this reason, ICERI is held in conjunction with other international conferences that fall under the scope of educational practices. This includes INTERCOME which is a conference in music education, ICoPCoSE which is a conference on teacher education (the teaching practicum, industrial practicum, and students community service in education).

One of the most important and consistent voices in the reform of science education over the last thirty years has been that of Peter Fensham. His vision of a democratic and socially responsible science education for all has inspired change in schools and colleges throughout the world. Often moving against the tide, Fensham travelled the world to promote his radical ideology. He was appointed Australia's first Professor of Science Education, and was later made a Member of the Order of Australia in recognition of his work in this new and emerging field of study. In this unique book, leading science educators from around the world examine and discuss Fensham's key ideas. Each describes how his arguments, proposals and recommendations have affected their own practice, and extend and modify his message in light of current issues and trends in science education. The result is a vision for the future of science teaching internationally. Academics, researchers and practitioners in science education around the world will find this book a fascinating insight into the life and work of one of the foremost pioneers in science education. The book will also make inspiring reading for postgraduate students of science education.