This volume is the amalgamation of papers presented at International Conference on Processing and Characterization of Materials (ICPCM 2018) which was held in National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India during 6th – 8th December 2018 and contains results of investigations in the fields of study properties of steel, alloys and composites, properties of materials for electronics, optoelectronics and for energy, nuclear, aviation and defense applications including materials processing and metal extraction technologies, microstructural characterization, materials surface modification, deposition of thin films and special coatings, corrosion, etc.

This book includes selected conference proceedings of Conference on Processing and Characterization of Materials (CPCM-2020). The content of the book includes processing of and characterization of materials, sustainable energy materials, defense materials, functionally graded materials, and composites which has significant impact on cutting-edge applications. The book also includes surface engineering, computational methods and materials, waste utilization, and corrosion and environmental degradation of materials. Design, research, and development studies, experimental investigations, theoretical analysis, and fabrication techniques relevant to the application of materials in various assemblies, ranging from individual components to complete structure are presented in the book. The book is useful for graduate students, researchers, and industry professionals alike.

The field of nanocomposites is growing by leaps and bounds. a few of the recent commericial applications include sport utility vehicles, furniture, and appliances. Fields interested in reaping the material property advantages of nanocomposites range from agriculture to space science. Many materials, natural and synthetic, capitalize on the behavior of nanoscopic size scales, sometimes by design and sometimes not. The goal of this textbook is to provide a solid foundation for understanding, and beginning to answer, the questions posed by nanocomposites.

Incorporation of particular components with specialized properties allows one to tailor the end product's properties. For instance, the sensitivity, burning behavior, thermal or mechanical properties or stability of energetic materials can be affected and even controllably varied through incorporation of such ingredients. This book examines particle technologies as applied to energetic materials such as propellants and explosives, thus filling a void in the literature on this subject. Following an introduction covering general features of energetic materials, the first section of this book describes methods of manufacturing particulate energetic materials, including size reduction, crystallization, atomization, particle formation using supercritical fluids and microencapsulation, agglomeration phenomena, special considerations in mixing explosive particles and the production of nanoparticles. The second section discusses the characterization of particulate materials. Techniques and methods such as particle size analysis, morphology elucidation and the determination of chemical and thermal properties are presented. The wettability of powders and rheological behavior of suspensions and solids are also considered. Furthermore, methods of determining the performance of particular energetic materials are described. Each chapter deals with fundamentals and application possibilities of the various methods presented, with particular emphasis on issues applicable to particulate energetic materials. The book is thus equally relevant for chemists, physicists, material scientists, chemical and mechanical engineers and anyone interested or engaged in particle processing and characterization technologies.

The collection focuses on the advancements of characterization of minerals, metals, and materials and the applications of characterization results on the processing of these materials. Advanced characterization methods, techniques, and new instruments are emphasized. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to: · Novel methods and techniques for characterizing materials across a spectrum of systems and processes. · Characterization of mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, dielectric, magnetic, physical, and other properties of materials. · Characterization of structural, morphological, and topographical natures of materials at micro- and nano- scales. · Characterization of extraction and processing including process development and analysis. · Advances in instrument developments for microstructure analysis and performance evaluation of materials, such as computer tomography (CT), X-ray and neutron diffraction, electron microscopy (SEM, FIB, TEM), and spectroscopy (EDS, WDS, EBSD) techniques. · 2D and 3D modelling for materials characterization. The book explores scientific processes to characterize materials using modern technologies, and focuses on the interrelationships and interdependence among processing, structure, properties, and performance of materials.

This book deals with the polymers, different methods of synthesis, and synthesis of composites, as well as the different techniques used for polymer characterization. Most of the world’s industries extract the anomalous properties of polymers to make excellent cost-effective materials. Because of this, the types of polymers, their processing, and the analysis of their various properties are very significant. Readers will gain a thorough knowledge about the processing of different types of polymers and composites made from them, as well as their various applications. Suitable for classroom use but especially important for researchers, this book addresses: Adhesion of amorphous polymers with vitrified bulk and surface glass transition Functionalized biopolymers and their applications A new synthesis of p-Cresol-Adipamide-Formaldehyde copolymer resin and its applications as an ion-changer Correlating performance of commercial viscosity modifiers for formulating shear stable industrial lubricants Synthesis of phthalonitrile polymers in ionic liquid and microwave media Studies on nanocomposite polymer electrolytes doped with Ca3(PO4)2 for lithium batteries

The first in-depth treatment of the synthesis, processing, and characterization of nanomaterials using lasers, ranging from fundamentals to the latest research results, this handy reference is divided into two main sections. After introducing the concepts of lasers, nanomaterials, nanoarchitectures and laser-material interactions in the first three chapters, the book goes on to discuss the synthesis of various nanomaterials in vacuum, gas and liquids. The second half discusses various nanomaterial characterization techniques involving lasers, from Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies to light dynamic scattering, laser spectroscopy and such unusual techniques as laser photo acoustic, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, ultrafast dynamics and laser-induced thermal pulses. The specialist authors adopt a practical approach throughout, with an emphasis on experiments, set-up, and results. Each chapter begins with an introduction and is uniform in covering the basic approaches, experimental setups, and dependencies of the particular method on different parameters, providing sufficient theory and modeling to understand the principles behind the techniques.

Ceramics are, in a general definition, materials that consist of man-made, inorganic, non-metallic solid material - either existing in a crystalline state or non-crystalline state (i.e., glasses). Materials characterization techniques are used to ensure the structural and surface integrity of ceramics for their use in a wide variety of applications, from thermal resistance to advanced electronic and optical technologies like fiber optics to structural uses. This book presents those techniques along with views on future trends in ceramics processing and advanced characterization technologies particularly appropriate to ceramics materials. Readers will find more on: Ceramic Materials preparation routes, including powder preparation by solution techniques and gas-phase techniques Formation techniques for ceramic films and coatings, thick films and bulk ceramics A review of ceramic microstructure, reactions, phase behavior, mechanical properties and electronic and magnetic ceramics