Scarcity of resources and increasing population and energy demands are important issues of the twenty-first century. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to produce suitable alternatives—such as renewable resources—for a more sustainable future. One of the most promising and widely available renewable feedstocks is biomass, which has significant potential for conversion to materials, fuels, and chemicals. In addition, nanomaterials can be designed for a range of applications including energy storage, fuel production, and nanocatalysis. Designing nanomaterials for the valorization of biomass and waste feedstocks is a major step in advancing the application of nanomaterials and helping to move us toward the goal of a sustainable economy. Producing Fuels and Fine Chemicals from Biomass Using Nanomaterials offers a wide-ranging approach to the development of innovative nanomaterials for biomass conversion and the production of energy and high-added-value chemicals, including biochemicals, biomaterials, and biofuels. The book is organized into three parts according to nanomaterial applications: Nanomaterials for Energy Storage and Conversion, Biofuels from Biomass Valorization Using Nanomaterials, and Production of High-Added-Value Chemicals from Biomass Using Nanomaterials. Providing a multidisciplinary perspective, this book covers the most important aspects of topics such as solar energy storage, design of carbonaceous nanomaterials as heterogeneous catalysts for producing biofuels, catalytic reforming of biogas into syngas using a range of nanoparticles, and biofuels production from waste oils and fats. It also describes the design and development of biocatalytic, solid acid, photocatalytic, and nanostructured materials for the conversion of various biomass feedstocks to valuable chemicals as intermediates to end products, such as biopolymers, bioplastics, biofuels, agrochemicals, and pharmaceutical products.

Nanotechnology is changing the world in a very big way, but at the atomic and sub-atomic level. Although the roots of nanotechnology can be traced back to more than a century ago, the last three decades have witnessed an explosion of nano-based technologies and products. This reference work examines the history, current status, and future directions of nanotechnology through an exhaustive search of the technical and scientific literature. The more than 4000 bibliographic citations it includes are carefully organized into core subject areas, and a geographic and subject index allows readers to quickly locate documents of interest. Although a sense of the global reach and interest in nanotechnology can be gleaned from the reference sections of countless journal articles, conference papers, and books, this is the only reference work providing an in-depth global perspective that is ready-made for nanotechnology professionals and those interested in learning more about all things nanotechnology. Despite the abundance of online resources, there is still an urgent need for well-researched, well-presented, concise, and thematically organized reference works. Instead of relying on wiki pages, citation aggregators, and related websites, the author searched the databases and databanks of scholarly literature search providers such as EBSCO, ProQuest, PUBMED, STN International, and Thomson Reuters. In addition, he used select serials-related databases to account for pertinent documents from countries in which English is not the primary national language (i.e., China Online Journals, e-periodica, J-STAGE, and SciELO Brazil among others).

CONVERTING POWER INTO CHEMICALS AND FUELS Understand the pivotal role that the petrochemical industry will play in the energy transition by integrating renewable or low-carbon alternatives Power into Chemicals and Fuels stresses the versatility of hydrogen as an enabler of the renewable energy system, an energy vector that can be transported and stored, and a fuel for the transportation sector, heating of buildings and providing heat and feedstock to industry. It can reduce both carbon and local emissions, increase energy security and strengthen the economy, as well as support the deployment of renewable power generation such as wind, solar, nuclear and hydro. With a focus on power-to-X technologies, this book discusses the production of basic petrochemicals in such a way as to minimize the carbon footprint and develop procedures that save energy or use energy from renewable sources. Various different power-to-X system configurations are introduced with discussions on their performance, environmental impact, and cost. Technologies for sustainable hydrogen production are covered, focusing on water electrolysis using renewable energy as well as consideration of the remaining challenges for large scale production and integration with other technologies. Power into Chemicals and Fuels readers will also find: Discussion of recent advances in power-into-x technologies for the production of ethylene, propylene, formic acid, and more Coverage of every stage in the power-into-x process, from power generation to upgrading the final product Thermodynamic, technoeconomic, and life cycle assessment analyses of each major process Power into Chemicals and Fuels is a valuable resource for scientists and engineers working in the petrochemicals and hydrocarbons industries, as well as for all industry professionals in these and related fields.

This book is an attempt to provide an account of biomass recalcitrance and available physical and chemical methods for biomass pretreatment and hydrolysis. Its focuses on understanding the critical role of enzymes in the development of integrated biorefinery. The book also presents an overview of the utilization of waste biomass as a support system for enzyme immobilization for easy recovery and reuse for multiple cycles. strategies where enzymes can be used. The book also attempts to understand how enzymes can play a vital role in waste valorization for energy and biomaterial production. Further, the book will present an overview of how advanced technologies such as omics and in-silico approaches can help in understanding the chemistry affecting recalcitrance and the mechanism of enzyme catalysts in their bioconversion. An understanding of the life cycle assessment of waste biomass biorefinery will be needed before its implementation. The book will serve as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of energy studies, chemical engineering, applied biotechnology, and environmental sciences. This book is of interest to academicians, scientists, environmentalists, and policymakers.

The use of solid catalysts for the upgrade of renewable sources gives the opportunity to combine the two main cores of green chemistry, that is, on the one hand, the set-up of sustainable processes and, on the other, the use of biomass-derived materials. Solid catalysts have taken on a leading role in traditional petrochemical processes and could represent a key tool in new biorefinery-driven technologies. This book will cover topics related to the preparation and use of heterogeneous catalytic systems for the transformation of renewable sources, as well as of materials deriving from agro-industrial wastes and by-products. At the same time, the ever-increasing importance of bioproducts, due to the acceptance and request of consumers, makes the upgrade of biomass into chemicals and materials not only an environmental issue, but also an economical advantage.

An up-to-date and two volume overview of recent developments in the field of chemocatalytic and enzymatic processes for the transformation of renewable material into essential chemicals and fuels. Experts from both academia and industry discuss catalytic processes currently under development as well as those already in commercial use for the production of bio-fuels and bio-based commodity chemicals. As such, they cover drop-in commodity chemicals and fuels, as well as bio-based monomers and polymers, such as acrylic acid, glycols, polyesters and polyolefins. In addition, they also describe reactions applied to waste and biomass valorization and integrated biorefining strategies. With its comprehensive coverage of the topic, this is an indispensable reference for chemists working in the field of catalysis, industrial chemistry, sustainable chemistry, and polymer synthesis.

Industrial Arene Chemistry Explore the wide array of uses for aromatic hydrocarbons in this comprehensive reference Aromatics are a class of compounds—normally but not exclusively organic—which tend to be produced as by-products of various industrial processes. Their importance as petrochemical materials in themselves, along with the range of inter-relations between different aromatic chemicals, creates a complex and opportunity-filled market for aromatics. Industrial Arene Chemistry provides a thorough look at the conventional techniques required to use and produce these aromatic hydrocarbons. Beginning with an overview of the global aromatic market—including, but not limited to, manufacturers, markets of BTX, and downstream functional aromatics, aromatics derived from renewable sources, and economic forecasts—the book will also explore the impact shifting environmental factors will have on the future of aromatic chemistry. The text further explores BTX production processes differentiated according to the raw materials used. Importantly, this will establish the importance and growth of the biobased chemical industry. Industrial Arene Chemistry readers will also find: Case studies that describe major elements of specific technologies prototyped by contributors/companies as part of ongoing market development efforts Process chapters that include summaries of the conventional techniques and a more detailed discussion of recent high-impact studies Recent advances in conventional aromatic reactions, including alkylation, acylation and carboxylation, hydrogenation/reduction, oxidation, nitration/amination, sulfonation, and halogenation Industrial Arene Chemistry is a useful reference for chemists and chemical engineers who work with aromatics.

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Sonochemical Organic Synthesis focuses on purification and extraction of organic, biological, and medicinal compounds using sonochemistry. It provides readers with an understanding of green ultrasound-assisted chemical synthesis for industrial applications. This book systematically explores the application of ultrasound in organic synthesis of all types and includes stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, oxidations, reductions, protection, deprotection, additions, condensation, coupling, C-X bond formation, named reactions, heterocyclics, biological drugs, and fluoroorganics over conventional techniques. A brief introduction to the parameters which influence the process, solvent-effects, supported reagents and catalysis and the pros and cons to the practical use of sonochemical protocols in organic synthesis are also discussed. This book provides overview on the applications of sonochemical technology for the sustainable and environmentally friendly development of synthetic methodologies for organic and pharmaceutical chemistry. Sonochemical Organic Synthesis is an essential resource on green chemistry technologies for academic researchers, R&D professionals, and students working in modern organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. - Offers a broad overview of ultrasonics-assisted green organic synthesis - Discusses sonochemical technology for green organic synthesis and biological medicinal importance - Gives detailed accounts of numerous industrial applications, including polymers, pharmaceutical, fluoroorganics, biofuel, carbon, and more - Includes a description of significant factors and challenges in ultrasonics-assisted green organic synthesis - Lists recent developments in the use of sonochemical technology in organic chemist

Handbook of Molecular Gastronomy: Scientific Foundations and Culinary Applications presents a unique overview of molecular gastronomy, the scientific discipline dedicated to the study of phenomena that occur during the preparation and consumption of dishes. It deals with the chemistry, biology and physics of food preparation, along with the physiology of food consumption. As such, it represents the first attempt at a comprehensive reference in molecular gastronomy, along with a practical guide, through selected examples, to molecular cuisine and the more recent applications named note by note cuisine. While several books already exist for a general audience, either addressing food science in general in a "light" way and/or dealing with modern cooking techniques and recipes, no book exists so far that encompasses the whole molecular gastronomy field, providing a strong interdisciplinary background in the physics, biology and chemistry of food and food preparation, along with good discussions on creativity and the art of cooking. Features: Gives A–Z coverage to the underlying science (physics, chemistry and biology) and technology, as well as all the key cooking issues (ingredients, tools and methods). Encompasses the science and practice of molecular gastronomy in the most accessible and up-to-date reference available. Contains a final section with unique recipes by famous chefs. The book is organized in three parts. The first and main part is about the scientific discipline of molecular and physical gastronomy; it is organized as an encyclopedia, with entries in alphabetical order, gathering the contributions of more than 100 authors, all leading scientists in food sciences, providing a broad overview of the most recent research in molecular gastronomy. The second part addresses educational applications of molecular gastronomy, from primary schools to universities. The third part provides some innovative recipes by chefs from various parts of the world. The authors have made a particular pedagogical effort in proposing several educational levels, from elementary introduction to deep scientific formalism, in order to satisfy the broadest possible audience (scientists and non-scientists). This new resource should be very useful to food scientists and chefs, as well as food and culinary science students and all lay people interested in gastronomy.

In the context of climate change and fossil fuel pollution, solar energy appears as a cheap and sustainable fuel for many environmental applications, yet the efficiency of techniques has to be improved. This book reviews recent methods and applications of photocatalysis for the treatment of wastewater containing bacteria, heavy metals, organic pollutants, dyes and tannery effluents. Basics of water pollution, polluted river ecosystems and membranes are also detailed.