Smoking is the most common risk factor for the development of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death. It is also associated with many other types of cancer, including cancers of the esophagus, larynx, kidney, pancreas, and cervix. Smoking also increases the risk of other health problems, such as chronic lung disease and heart disease. Smoking during pregnancy can have adverse effects on the unborn child, such as premature delivery and low birth weight. This book presents cutting-edge research in this field.

The Directory contains research resumes from the U.S. and other countries.

Smoking is a greater cause of death and disability than any single disease, says the World Health Organisation. According to their figures, it is responsible for approximately five million deaths world-wide every year. Tobacco smoking is a known or probable cause of approximately 25 diseases including cancer, heart attacks and strokes. The WHO says that its impact on world health is still not fully assessed. This book offers leading edge research from around the globe with a focus on smoking cessation and the effects of passive smoking on health.

This is an open access book. The National Research and Innovation Agency (Acronymized in Bahasa as BRIN, Badan Riset and Inovasi Nasional), the Republic of Indonesia was launched in 2021 and has been the only one of Indonesia authorized research institution since. The Agency embodies throughout department and non-department research bodies in Indonesia and answers and thus responsible directly to the President of Indonesia. Despite its juvenile age, BRIN is in a tight competition with urgencies of untangling unresolved issues in various aspects in collective life as a nation and a state spanning socioeconomic and culture to medicine and its translational derivatives. To function as effectively as expected, BRIN has launched 12 research organizations with each is accountable for a specific research field as reflected by the expertise of the pertinent researchers. Among those, Research Organization for Health was established as an answer to the major challenge of overcoming national burdens which are holistically captured as the roadmaps of SDG’s Indonesia where Health stands specially as the top three priority and regarded as Good Health-Wellbeing. It is clear that what have been produced through long chain of processes in the research chambers must be driven forward and translated accordingly to reach downstream utilizations in such a way that the good health and well-being are reachable in any levels. As to manifesting these goals into realization, knowledge sharing is deemed to be a plausible vehicle. This enables disseminations of most current research projects related to health across research institution, regionally or globally. Therefore, we see the need to organize our very first international conference that is, further, set as one of our annual events with contemporary umbrella themes. We welcome researchers, scholars, and practitioners in health and health-related fields to share their insightful research results in our conference. The general objective of BRIN’s 1st International Conference for Health (ICHR) is to facilitate dissemination and exchange of most recent progresses made across research institutions and to promote prospectus multi-nationals and or multi-institutional collaborations to achieve the good-health and well-being.

Even though slightly over half of the U.S. population is female, medical research historically has neglected the health needs of women. However, over the past two decades, there have been major changes in government support of women's health research-in policies, regulations, and the organization of research efforts. To assess the impact of these changes, Congress directed the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to ask the IOM to examine what has been learned from that research and how well it has been put into practice as well as communicated to both providers and women. Women's Health Research finds that women's health research has contributed to significant progress over the past 20 years in lessening the burden of disease and reducing deaths from some conditions, while other conditions have seen only moderate change or even little or no change. Gaps remain, both in research areas and in the application of results to benefit women in general and across multiple population groups. Given the many and significant roles women play in our society, maintaining support for women's health research and enhancing its impact are not only in the interest of women, they are in the interest of us all.

Cigarette smoking during childhood and adolescence produces significant health problems among young people, including cough and phlegm production, an increase in the number and severity of respiratory illnesses, decreased physical fitness, an unfavourable lipid profile and potential retardation in the rate of lung growth and the level of maximum lung function in addition to leading to long-term smoking and the numerous diseases connected with that including cancer and others. In this new book adolescent smoking is researched pertaining to the health complications that young adults will endure, as well as the different social aspects of what causes an adolescent to begin smoking in the first place including peer pressure. Several methods of smoking cessation are discussed.