The first discussion of the question of the revision of this conference took place at the 87th Session (1999) of the International Labour Conference. Governments were invited to send any amendments or comments they might wish to make, whether they considered that the proposed texts constituted a satisfactory basis for discussion by the Conference at its 88th Session (2000). At the time of drawing up this report, the Office had received replies from the governments of 84 member States.--Publisher's description.

Considers (66) H.R. 10925.

Concern to protect working women in connection with pregnancy and childbirth appeared when women first entered factory employment, and was reflected in the provision of maternity leave in some countries. Over time, maternity protection evolved to include measures to protect the pregnant woman's health, so that work does not harm the development of the foetus.

Changes in the labour market over the past several decades, including the increasing participation of women, growing commitment to eliminating discrimination, and falling fertility rates, have made maternity protection ever more important. Maternity provisions exist in the legislation of virtually all countries, but there is considerable scope for improvement. This study provides a comprehensive review of the main legal provisions in maternity protection legislation of 166 countries. It analyses national provisions for maternity leave (duration of leave, cash benefits, source of payment and scope); other types of leave (paternity leave, parental leave and adoption leave); protection from dismissal and discrimination; and health protection for pregnant and nursing workers.

This collection examines the human rights to social security and social protection from a women's rights perspective. The contributors stress the need to address women's poverty and exclusion within a human rights framework that takes account of gender. The chapters unpack the rights to social security and protection and their relationship to human rights principles such as gender equality, participation and dignity. Alongside conceptual insights across the field of women's social security rights, the collection analyses recent developments in international law and in a range of national settings. It considers the ILO's Social Protection Floors Recommendation and the work of UN treaty bodies. It explores the different approaches to expansion of social protection in developing countries (China, Chile and Bolivia). It also discusses conditionality in cash transfer programmes, a central debate in social policy and development, through a gender lens. Contributors consider the position of poor women, particularly single mothers, in developed countries (Australia, Canada, the United States, Ireland and Spain) facing the damaging consequences of welfare cuts. The collection engages with shifts in global discourse on the role of social policy and the way in which ideas of crisis and austerity have been used to undermine rights with harsh impacts on women.

Although proven effective in protecting pregnancy, giving birth and breastfeeding – that is, the biological differences of women related to maternity – the current European Union (EU) legislative framework on maternity leave tends to overlook the roles of both parents, especially during the post-delivery period of ‘bonding’ with the child. This framework, along with EU law on parental leave, which does not encourage an equal take-up of the leave, gives rise to serious issues of gender equality affecting both men and women. This deeply researched and urgent book proposes alternative options for future EU law on child-related leave which can be applied to both employees and self-employed workers to mitigate these limitations and side effects. Analysing the various EU Directives which, directly or indirectly, relate to maternity leave, paternity leave, adoption leave and parental leave, as well as the corresponding case law of the Court of Justice of the EU, the author uses a social risk approach and tackles the following issues: narrow focus of the legislation on the delivering mother’s incapacity to work; in practice, excessive emphasis on the protection of the delivering mother; silent assent to the unequal distribution of caring responsibilities within the family; lack of attention to women’s labour market outcomes; and the new direction followed by the recently adopted Directive on work-life balance. The research focuses on working parents (including non-delivering parents in same-sex couples or adoption) and includes a comparative analysis of the law of six countries – Belgium, Ireland, Spain, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Portugal – chosen to illustrate the variety of national schemes available and how their desirable features can be introduced into EU law. A more balanced design of child-related leave is a must in today’s society for reasons of fairness and also for economic considerations. This complete analysis of EU legislation and case law about child-related leave – including the first-ever systematic and in-depth analysis on whether maternity leave can be considered discriminatory against fathers and a review of economic literature on how child-related leave affects the situation of women in the labour market – offers forward-looking solutions for child-related leave to enhance gender equality. Practitioners and nongovernmental organisations dealing with EU and national matters related to labour and employment law, social security law and gender equality law will welcome this important book, as will academics and policymakers interested in maternity and other child-related leaves.

- NEW! Enhanced focus on prioritization of care in clinical reasoning case studies and nursing care plans is consistent with NCLEX® updates. - NEW! Recognition of the importance of interprofessional care covers the roles of the various members of the interprofessional healthcare team. - UPDATED! Content on many high-risk conditions updated to reflect newly published guidelines. - NEW! Information about the Zika virus gives you the most current practice guidelines to help you provide quality care. - NEW! Coverage of future trends in contraception help increase your awareness of developing ideas in pregnancy prevention. - Content on gestational diabetes and breast cancer screening cover newly published guidelines. - NEW! Added content on human trafficking provides you with examples and ideas on how to counsel victims and their families.