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This handbook covers the history, policy, practice and theories of African and Caribbean education and promotes the sustainability of socio-cultural beliefs, values, knowledge and skills in the regions. Africa and the Caribbean share commonalities of the geopolitical and historical dominance by European empires and colonialism and aftereffects of anti-blackness in the global trade in enslaved persons. Indigenous religious, cultural, and ethnic currents in Africa are echoed in the Caribbean along with a strong infusion of Asian and other ethnic influences. The handbook shows how educators in both regions are grappling with Western education eclipsing indigenous epistemology and contributes to important debates and discourses including culturally relevant teaching, decolonization, critical race theory, Africana studies, Black emancipation, the African diaspora, Bi-cultural experiences, and the climate emergency. It is organized into three sections covering past issues that frame education in Africa and the Caribbean; the present challenges and opportunities of Education in the regions; and future opportunities for education post-2020.

The Proceedings of the 4th International Indonesia Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (IICIS) 2023 contains several papers presented at the seminar with the theme "Defining the Interest of Indonesian Society and State to Achieve Welfare and Justice." The 4th IICIS 2023 was held in a hybrid format, with both in-person and remote participation on November 2, 2023. The conference was organized by the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Lampung, Indonesia. The 4th IICIS 2023 featured speakers from various countries, including Masanori Kaneko, Ph.D. (Associate Professor from the Faculty of Foreign Studies, Setsunan University), Mohammad Reevany, Ph.D. (Associate Professor from University Sains Malaysia), Prof. Abu Bakarr Bah, Ph.D. (Department of Sociology, Northern Illinois University), Dr. Yusharto Huntoyungo, M.Pd. (Head of the Domestic Policy Strategy Agency), Laksdya TNI Prof. Dr. Ir. Amarulla Octavian, S.T., M.Sc., DESD. (Expert Council of APPSI & Vice Chairman of BRIN), Intan Fitri Meutia, S.A.N., M.A., Ph.D (Public Administration, Universitas Lampung). They are professors and researchers who have contributed to the advancement of science in their respective fields. The proceedings contain 20 papers that have passed through the review process and were accepted by the committee. All papers align with several sub-themes of the conference, including The Interest Struggle of Marginalized Groups, Identify Interest and Violence in Politics (Global and Local), Gender and The Interest of Development, Global Governance and Sustainable Development, Contemporary Media and Digital Communication, Business and Entrepreneurship, Social Movement and Government Resistance in Any Social Issues. The IICIS committee has made strong efforts to review the papers submitted to the conference to ensure that participants benefit greatly. A heartfelt thank you to all participants of the 4th IICIS 2023 for their understanding and contributions. Thanks also to EAI Publishing for publishing it in this volume.

Online learning has become more and more common globally, whether for comfort, adapting to work hours or just having the freedom to study from anywhere. And now under the coronavirus pandemic, as people are having to stay at home, it has become more important than ever. Although the popularity of wireless network and portable smart device makes it possible for people to acquire and learn knowledge anytime and anywhere, it does not necessarily mean an increased learning performance. Relevant research in cognitive science has revealed possible limitations in online learning. For example, the knowledge acquired through online learning tends to be fragmented and lacks guidance for integrated thinking among different subjects, which makes it difficult for learners to form a systematic knowledge structure. Learners may experience cognitive overload, metacognitive illusion and low learning efficiency in self-regulated learning. It follows that, in the post COVID-19 era, online learning puts forward new requirements and challenges to the contemporary students, not only to their learning strategies but positive character traits in learning. Most of the current learning theories were developed in the early 20th century and may not fit in well with the current situation, then possibly leading to inefficient learning and increased learning burden. Therefore, it is necessary and important to reexplore the influencing factors and mechanisms that affect the learning efficiency of students at all levels nowadays, based on which we could construct a theoretical model of efficient learning model.