The nosological roots of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be traced back to th~American Psychiatric Association's DSM-I entry of gross stress reaction, as published in 1952. Yet the origins of the current enthusi asm with regard to post-traumatic stress can be traced back to 1980, which marked the emergence of the term post-traumatic stress disorder in the DSM III. This reflected the American Psychiatric Association's acknowledgment of post-traumatic stress as a discrete, phenomenologically unique, and reli able psychopathological entity at a time in American history when such recognition had important social, political, and psychiatric implications. Clearly, prior to DSM-I the lack of a generally accepted terminology did little to augment the disabling effects that psychological traumatization could engender. Nor did the subsequent provision of an official diagnostic label alone render substantial ameliorative qualities. Nevertheless, the post Vietnam DSM-III recognition of PTSD did herald a dramatic increase in research and clinical discovery. The American Red Cross acknowledged the need to establish disaster mental health services, the American Psychological Association urged its members to form disaster mental health networks, and the Veterans Administration established a national study center for PTSD.

Trauma presents as a negative experience or situation of an individual in which coping mechanisms do not always work perfectly. This leads to the appearance of disturbing behavior, thinking, or developing disorders in the area of mental illnesses. Psychological trauma is related to chronic and repetitive experiences and the term and situation that refer to it must be consider objectively because it is up to each survivor to determine if it is traumatic. Future studies in the area of psychological trauma need to be conducted with the aim of defining anatomical correlates of stress and its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Traumatizing events can break a person. However, a series of small but inevitable pinpricks, lovelessness and ambivalent relationships can also ruin a person. A traumatic event touches and invades a person unspeakably deeply. This book attempts to put into words the psychic abyss of trauma, which the victim experiences, and helps to detect and understand possible traumatization. It wants to encourage traumatized people and their counsellors to choose the path of small steps out of the trauma. In this way, previously traumatized people can rediscover their dignity. The path leads from an existence dictated by the outside world to a self-determined life.

An Existential Approach to Interpersonal Trauma provides a new existential framework for understanding the experiences of interpersonal trauma building on reflections from Marc Boaz’s own personal history, clinical insight and research. The book suggests that psychology, psychotherapy and existentialism do not recognise the significance of the existential movements that occur in traumatic confrontations with reality. By considering what people find at the limits and boundaries of human experiencing, Boaz describes the ways in which they can disillusion and re-illusion themselves, and how this becomes incorporated into their modes of existing in the world and in relation to others. In incorporating the experience of trauma into the way people live – all the existential horror, terror and liberation contained within it – Boaz invites them to embrace an expansive ethic of (re)(dis)covery. This ethic recognises the ambiguity and spectrality of interpersonal trauma, and expands the horizons of our human relationships. The book provides an important basis for professionals wanting to work existentially with interpersonal trauma and for people wanting to deepen their understanding of the trauma they have experienced.

Since the late 1970s, there has been an increase in the study of diversity, inclusion, race, and ethnicity within the field of counseling. The SAGE Encyclopedia of Multicultural Counseling, Social Justice, and Advocacy will comprehensively synthesize a wide range of terms, concepts, ideologies, groups, and organizations through a diverse lens. This encyclopedia will include entries on a wide range of topics relative to multicultural counseling, social justice and advocacy, and the experiences of diverse groups. The encyclopedia will consist of approximately 600 signed entries, arranged alphabetically within four volumes.

Delivers the Evidence-Based Gold-Standard EMDR Protocol for Ameliorating Depression This groundbreaking book introduces EMDR-DeprEnd, a pathogenic memory-based EMDR therapy approach. DeprEnd has been demonstrated in a number of studies and meta-analyses to be at least as effective—and often more effective—than other guideline-based therapies in treating depression, including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). EMDR-DeprEnd is particularly helpful with chronic and recurrent depression that does not respond well to other treatments. Written by the international research team who developed this quick-acting and efficient therapy, the text provides clinicians with the evidence-based tools they need to integrate EMDR-DeprEnd into their practices. This text explains in depth a step-by-step approach to processing the pathogenic memory structures that are the basis of most depressive disorders and ways to address both depressive and suicidal states. Real-world case studies incorporate the often-co-occurring trauma-based disorders found in depressive patients. These are practical “how-to” chapters, including one devoted to drawing integration with numerous examples of actual patient drawings as clients go through the EMDR process. Abundant illustrations enhance understanding of stress and trauma-based depressive disorders and the successful interventions that improve client outcomes. Protocol scripts for therapist and client also help prepare readers to provide optimal treatment to their clients. Key Features: Authored by the international research team who developed this touchstone EMDR therapy treatment Helps with chronic and recurrent depression especially if it is resistant to guideline-based treatments, including CBT Demonstrates step-by-step how to apply the DeprEnd protocol using real-world case examples Describes how EMDR’s neurobiological working mechanism effectively treats depression Includes protocol scripts and a review of randomized controlled trials related to EMDR and depression Illustrates how DeprEnd protocol reduces depressive relapses

Many adoptees join their new families after having endured multiple traumatic experiences, which interrupts their development. Bringing together the latest research in brain science with the field of attachment, this book considers how the two can be linked to help children in healing both the brain and the heart. Laying out the many factors that can affect a child's mental health, it shows how parents can help to improve the development of a delayed child. Accessibly explaining cutting-edge neuroscience for parents, it gives the information needed to help with a traumatised child's social, emotional and moral development.

Grounded in the updated Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Prevention and Treatment Guidelines of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS), the third edition of this definitive work has more than 90% new content. Chapters describe PTSD assessment and intervention practices that have been shown to work and provide practical, real-world implementation guidance. Foremost authorities address the complexities of trauma treatment with adults, adolescents, and children in diverse clinical contexts. The book delves into common obstacles and ways to overcome them, when to stop trying a particular approach with a client, and what to do next. Special topics include transdiagnostic interventions for PTSD and co-occurring problems, dissemination challenges, and analyzing the cost-effectiveness of treatments. Prior edition editors: Edna B. Foa, Terence M. Keane, Matthew J. Friedman, and Judith A. Cohen. New to This Edition *Fully rewritten to reflect over a decade of clinical, empirical, and theoretical developments, as well as changes in DSM-5 and ICD-11. *Increased research-to-practice focus--helps the clinician apply the recommendations in specific clinical situations. *New chapters on previously covered treatments: early interventions, psychopharmacotherapy for adults and children, and EMDR therapy. *Chapters on additional treatments: prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, cognitive therapy, combined psychotherapy and medication, e-mental health, and complementary and alternative approaches. *Chapters on cutting-edge topics, including personalized interventions and advances in implementation science.

"In this latest insightful volume gathered and edited by Marilyn Luber, the authors have combined the lessons learned with personal accounts of how they proceeded. There is still much to be done to integrate mental health care effectively into disaster response worldwide, but this volume will help to point the way to best practices." --Robert Gelbach, PhD Past Executive Director at EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Programs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a method of psychotherapy that has been extensively researched and proven effective for the treatment of trauma. This book presents EMDR early-response intervention protocols for such traumatic events as earthquakes, mining accidents, tsunamis, and ongoing warfare. It also provides concise summary sheets to facilitate quick information retrieval in perilous circumstances. The book is authored by several of the first generation of therapists who successfully employed EMDR as a clinical treatment for acute stress following massive trauma events. They vividly describe their experiences and the protocols and models they developed to respond to disaster. The book describes two of the most commonly used resources: the Butterfly Hug and the Four Elements Exercise for Stress Management. Includes new information on acute stress, secondary PTSD, and vicarious traumatization growing out of interventions subsequent to natural disasters, warfare, and massacres in Turkey, Asia, the Middle East, South and Central America, and the United States. Interventions that can be put to use on site and posttrauma are presented for groups, including work with children, adolescents, and adults and with special populations. Additionally the book addresses working with first responders such as firefighters, EMS workers, and others when using EMDR. It facilitates the gathering and organizing of client data and contains updated and new scripted protocols, as well as summary sheets from EMDR Scripted Protocols: Basics and Special Situations and EMDR Scripted Protocols: Special Populations. Also included are templates for repeat use and an interactive PDF. Key Features: Provides EMDR early-intervention procedures for man-made and natural catastrophes Addresses EMDR and early interventions for groups of all ages and special populations Highlights international perspectives on how to organize a mental health response for recent traumatic events Includes early-intervention scripts and summary sheets for individuals, groups, and special populations, as well as self-care scripts for clinicians Offers concise summary sheets for quick information retrieval

This volume seeks to explore the idea of identity as a flexible center of events around which aspects of the self and events in the outside world are organized. Historically, in much of the literature, identity was conceptualized as a somewhat fixed, unchanging construct. Scholars now have a greater awareness of more nuanced theories about identity and there is a greater willingness to accept that identity is not fixed, concrete, and permanent, but rather evolving and fluid. Although this volume discusses a wide variety of aspects of identity as it flexibly changes during adulthood in the face of numerous experiences, it is really addressing one key question. How adaptive and fluid is identity and how can we know ourselves as both continuing and changing? Exploring these ideas raises the importance of future research on adult identity. With a firm grounding in the historical and theoretical background of identity research, this volume begins by defining identity and the psychological “self” as a center around which the person’s behaviors and self-concepts revolve. The following chapters gather the wisdom of many writers who all accepted the challenge of talking about creating a flexible adult self and identity during adulthood. They come at this challenging question from many different perspectives using different tools. Some survey existing literature and theory, then summarize prior work in a meaningful way. Some discuss their own research; some reflect on personal experiences that have demanded a flexible identity. Also included in the coverage are discussions of methodology and validity issues for studies and scales of identity. With its dual focus on research and applied fields ranging across social and personality psychology, industrial/occupational psychology, cross-cultural psychology, mental health, existential issues, relationships, and demographic categories, Identity Flexibility During Adulthood: Perspectives on Adult Development is a fascinating and complex resource for psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, gerontologists, and all those interested in our changing identities.