This work shows students how to tackle examination questions in human rights and civil liberties, providing typical questions with model answers. It also offers guidance on how answers should be structured and the key points to convey.

The topic of human rights is fast becoming a core subject on many LLB courses and is an essential field of study for all intending lawyers. The Human Rights Act 1998 has now been fully in force for several years and has an extremely significant effect on this subject. As such, this new edition has been thoroughly rewritten and updated to take account of the consequences of the Act, as well as incorporating many new cases and statutes that have arisen since the publication of the last edition. The topics chosen reflect those generally found on human rights and civil liberties courses. Human rights, perhaps more than any other subject, is rapidly developing and this book concentrates on those areas which are of particular interest at the present time, whilst alerting the student to potential and likely future developments and areas of challenge. Notes in the answers allow the student to develop certain lines of argument further, in line with particular interests or studies. Although primarily aimed at undergraduate students, postgraduate students will also find it of value.

This work shows students how to tackle examination questions in human rights and civil liberties, providing typical questions with model answers. It also offers guidance on how answers should be structured and the key points to convey.

Countries at the Crossroads: An Analysis of Democratic Governance evaluates government performance in seventy strategically important countries from across the globe, including emerging market countries and at-risk states. The in-depth comparative analyses and quantitative ratings_examining Accountability and Public Voice, Civil Liberties, Rule of Law, and Anticorruption and Transparency_serve as a valuable tool for public analysts, educators and students, government officials, and the business community.

Drawing on social-legal, cultural and media theory, this book is one of the first to examine the media politics of human rights. It examines how the media construct the story of human rights, investigating what lies behind the apparent media hostility to human rights and what has become of the original ambition to establish a human rights culture. The human rights regime has been high on the political agenda ever since the Human Rights Act 1998 was enacted. Often maligned in sections of the press, the legislation has entered popular folklore as shorthand for an overbearing government, an overzealous judiciary and exploitative claimants. This book examines a range of significant factors in the mediation of human rights, including: Euroscepticism, the war on terror, the digital reordering of the media landscape, , press concerns about an emerging privacy law and civil liberties. Mediating Human Rights is a timely exploration of the relationship between law, politics and media. It will be of immense interest to those studying and researching across Law, Media Studies, Human Rights, and Politics.

This book offers a historical analysis of the geopolitical and geoeconomic competition between the USA and Russia, which has recently heated up again due to the eastward expansion of NATO. The analysis departs from an exploration of the USA’s foreign policy and geopolitical ambitions by illustrating the influence of Wall Street and the military-industrial complex on the country’s political decision-making. The historical review covers a wide timespan, from the Second World War and the birth of NATO, to the wars against Iraq and Afghanistan, to the rebellions that erupted in Eurasia, Northern Africa and the Middle East in the 2010’s, as well as the wars in the Ukraine and in Syria. By doing so, it reveals the influence of US neocons, the US intelligence services and the military complex on the Arab Spring, the Color Revolutions and the armed conflicts in Ukraine and Syria. Ultimately, the book depicts a new era of worldwide instability and disorder, dominated by violence and arbitrariness.

Public Law and Human Rights is a core module in the legal education of the United Kingdom (UK). Throughout the world it is known as common law. While common law consists of case-law and statutes, it has reached its present state by incorporating elements of international law, prerogative power and other legal and non-legal sources such as conventions and customs. This book closely examines the public law (constitution and administrative law) and human rights system of the UK (England and Wales in particular). The reason for the emergence of this book is that other publications do not explain such a complex issue in plain language, which makes it very difficult for those taking an interest, in particular A-level as well as LLB/LLM law students. This book does not repeat material that is available in many textbooks that are in print. Rather, it endeavours to present every topic in plain language and concludes every chapter with a fictitious, explanatory sample case. This book will also assist students to prepare for examinations. It comes with a test that summarizes all the subjects contained in the book, which is appropriate to the first stage SQE (Solicitors Qualifying Examination) examination. This concise text brings clearly into focus the key elements of public law and human rights. The Q&A approach, examples and exercises provide an excellent way for students to both gain knowledge and apply that knowledge to this complex area of law. – Dr Ryan Hill, Deputy Head of School, Anglia Ruskin University, Law School, UK This resource presents the core framework of Public Law and human rights within the United Kingdom, and also the key current debates surrounding this subject, in clear and accessible language. The technique of using fictional cases to work through practical issues is an excellent way for students to gain insight into the real world application of theoretical principles. Not only does this book help prepare learners for assessments, it also provides support in developing critical legal thinking which will be of great value in their professional lives. – Javier Garcia Oliva, Professor of Law, The University of Manchester, UK CONTENTS: Abbreviations About the author Foreword PART A. Constitutional Law CHAPTER I. Introduction: The Nature and Sources of the Constitution CHAPTER II. Fundamental Constitutional Principles CHAPTER III. Houses of Parliament and the Legislative Process PART B. Human Rights CHAPTER IV. Human Rights in the UK: Human Rights Act 1998 and European Convention on Human Rights CHAPTER V. Fundamental Freedoms in the Human Rights Act/European Convention on Human Rights PART C. Administrative Law CHAPTER VI. The Principles of Judicial Review and Preliminary Requirements CHAPTER VII. Judicial Review Grounds I: Illegality and Unreasonableness/Irrationality CHAPTER VIII. Judicial Review Grounds II: Procedural Impropriety CHAPTER IX. Administrative Justice: Inquiries, Ombudsman and Tribunals SUMMARY: Sample Test Questions PART A – Constitutional Law PART B – Human Rights PART C – Administrative Law ANSWERS

This essential Q&A study and revision guide contains a variety of model answers and plans to give you the confidence to tackle any essay or problem question, and give you the skills you need to excel in law exams and coursework assignments.

This book assesses whether a new category of religious actors has been constructed within international law. Religious actors, through their interpretations of the religion(s) they are associated with, uphold and promote, or indeed may transform, potentially oppressive structures or discriminatory patterns. This study moves beyond the concern that religious texts and practices may be incompatible with international law, to provide an innovative analysis of how religious actors themselves are accountable under international law for the interpretations they choose to put forward. The book defines religious actors as comprising religious states, international organizations, and non-state entities that assume the role of interpreting religion and so claim a 'special' legitimacy anchored in tradition or charisma. Cutting across the state / non-state divide, this definition allows the full remit of religious bodies to be investigated. It analyses the crucial question of whether religious actors do in fact operate under different international legal norms to non-religious states, international organizations, or companies. To that end, the Holy See-Vatican, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and churches and religious organizations under the European Convention on Human Rights regime are examined in detail as case studies. The study ultimately establishes that religious actors cannot be seen to form an autonomous legal category under international law: they do not enjoy special or exclusive rights, nor incur lesser obligations, when compared to their respective non-religious peers. Going forward, it concludes that a process of two-sided legitimation may be at stake: religious actors will need to provide evidence for the legality of their religious interpretations to strengthen their legitimacy, and international law itself may benefit from religious actors fostering its legitimacy in different cultural contexts.

This book discusses the extent to which the UK Human Rights Act successfully balances protection of rights and democracy. It is generally accepted that the Act prevents government from violating fundamental rights, but the extent to which the Act can legitimately be overridden as a result of public opinion and participation is less clear. The work considers the Act’s effect on this popular element of the British Constitution. It uses analytical tools from republican political theory to explore the claim that the Act achieved a reconciliation between the protection of rights and democracy. In particular, it employs republican analysis of domination to consider how the Human Rights Act could operate so that public opinion invigilates legislative responses to judicial decisions. The key question is whether judicial decisions under the Human Rights Act serve to ‘remove, reduce or replace’ opportunities for the electorate to control judicial decision-making, remembering always that the electorate is seldom engaged in politics, but should it choose to, its ability to do so is at the heart of democracy. The study also examines the difficulty of isolating national constitutional forms where bills of rights are internationalised as with the European Convention on Human Rights. The book will be a valuable resource for students and academics researching constitutional legal theory and comparative constitutional law. While the focus is on the UK HRA, broader theoretical issues of constitutional review will have significant international interest and relevance to domestic debates on a British Bill of Rights.