Tropical and subtropical countries have become well aware of the fact, that they must make better use of their fruits. In spite of the favourable climatic conditions for the production of varieties of delicious fruits in such countries, continuously high tempemtures shorten the shelf-life of most fruits and fruit products. A tropical climate provides ideal conditions for mpid growth of spoilage microorganisms and for chemical reactions. Most of such reactions in fruits and fruit products are deteriomtive in nature causing high respiration rates, texture softening and spoilage of fruit. This causes loss of colour, flavour and vitamins, and browning of fruit products. Even though a fruit product has been rendered microbiolo gically stable, these chemical reactions continue to occur in storage, and they occur much more mpidly in a tropical climate. The processing of fruits and soft drinks is a predominate food industry in tropical and subtropical countries. Some of the large companies in such industries are partly foreign owned. They seem to be efficiently operated with adequate capital, good management, and technological competence, all of which are usually imported from the parent company. However, most of small and medium companies are locally owned, and are deficient in technology and management ability. The products are generally fair. It is rare to find a trained quality assurance manager in these companies. Processing of good fruit products, especially for export, requires sound fruit processing lines as well as good managementthat achieves internationally accept ed standards of quality.

The book consists of 19 chapters on different subjects and in different dimensions, with particular emphasis on the post-harvest handling and processing of fruits and vegetables, including mushrooms. Scope for the technology on fruits and vegetables, non-destructive methods to evaluate fresh quality, radiation preservation, chemistry of pectin and pigments and their applications, nutraceutical compounds, membrane processing of liquid fruits, dehydrated and intermediate moisture products, importance of bamboo and mushrooms as food, influence of process conditions on product quality, food additives in product preparation, packaging aspects, microbiological safety concerns, relevant analytical methods, mushroom nutraceuticals and bio-technological interventions for improvement of banana with a final note on conclusions in the last

Now in its fifth edition, Food Science remains the most popular and reliable text for introductory courses in food science and technology. This new edition retains the basic format and pedagogical features of previous editions and provides an up-to-date foundation upon which more advanced and specialized knowledge can be built. This essential volume introduces and surveys the broad and complex interrelationships among food ingredients, processing, packaging, distribution and storage, and explores how these factors influence food quality and safety. Reflecting recent advances and emerging technologies in the area, this new edition includes updated commodity and ingredient chapters to emphasize the growing importance of analogs, macro-substitutions, fat fiber and sugar substitutes and replacement products, especially as they affect new product development and increasing concerns for a healthier diet. Revised processing chapters include changing attitudes toward food irradiation, greater use of microwave cooking and microwaveable products, controlled and modified atmosphere packaging and expanding technologies such a extrusion cooking, ohmic heating and supercritical fluid extraction, new information that addresses concerns about the responsible management of food technology, considering environmental, social and economic consequences, as well as the increasing globalization of the food industry. Discussions of food safety an consumer protection including newer phychrotropic pathogens; HAACP techniques for product safety and quality; new information on food additives; pesticides and hormones; and the latest information on nutrition labeling and food regulation. An outstanding text for students with little or no previous instruction in food science and technology, Food Science is also a valuable reference for professionals in food processing, as well as for those working in fields that service, regulate or otherwise interface with the food industry.

The main aim of International Marketing, is to provide solid foundations that are useful for explanation, prediction and control of international business activities.

This book is a collection of research papers and articles presented at the 3rd International Conference on Communications and Cyber-Physical Engineering (ICCCE 2020), held on 1-2 February 2020 at CMR Engineering College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Discussing the latest developments in voice and data communication engineering, cyber-physical systems, network science, communication software, image and multimedia processing research and applications, as well as communication technologies and other related technologies, it includes contributions from both academia and industry. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, research scholars and PG students working to formulate their research ideas and find the future directions in these areas. Further, it may serve as a reference work to understand the latest engineering and technologies used by practicing engineers in the field of communication engineering.

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a tree belonging to the palm family (Arecaceae) and is cultivated for its sweet edible fruits. Over the past century, it has become a major commercial fruit crop and a key component of agricultural production in the world's subtropical arid and semiarid regions. A crop suited both to the low-input small-farmer and the modern high-input commercial plantation, the date palm provides a livelihood for millions of people living in marginal land areas where farming options are restricted. Date palm is mainly grown for its fruits, but the whole tree is utilized. Research into date palm improvement for fruit production in recent decades has brought about improved elite cultivars, stress and pathogen resistance, and enhanced postharvest technologies. These developments have led to revised recommendations for date palm producers, and increased opportunity to promote novel fruit products. With contributions from leading international experts, this is a valuable resource for researchers and students in horticulture, as well as date palm growers and processors.

The aim of the food processing is to ensure microbiological and chemical safety of foods, adequate nutrient content and bioavailability and acceptability to the consumer with regard to sensory properties and ease of preparation. Processing may have either beneficial or harmful effects on these properties, so each of these factors must be taken into account in the design and preparation of foods. This book offers a unique dealing with the subject and provides not only an update of state-of-the art techniques in many critical areas of food processing and quality assessment, but also the development of value added products from food waste, safety and nanotechnology in the food and agriculture industry and looks into the future by defining current obstacles and future research goals. This book is not intended to serve as an encyclopedic review of the subject. However, the various chapters incorporate both theoretical and practical aspects and may serve as baseline information for future research through which significant development is possible.

Sustainability and mobile computing embraces a wide range of Information and Communication Technologies [ICT] in recent times. This book focuses more on the recent research and development works in almost all the facets of sustainable, ubiquitous computing and communication paradigm. The recent research efforts on this evolving paradigm help to advance the technologies for next-generation, where socio-economic growth and sustainability poses significant challenges to the computing and communication infrastructures. The main purpose of this book is to promote the technical advances and impacts of sustainability and mobile computing to the informatics research. The key strands of this book include green computing, predictive models, mobility, data analytics, mobile computing, optimization, Quality of Service [QoS], new communicating and computing frameworks, human computer interaction, Artificial Intelligence [AI], communication networks, risk management, Ubiquitous computing, robotics, smart city and applications. The book has also addressed myriad of sustainability challenges in various computing and information processing infrastructures.

The processing of fruits and their juices is an important internationally branch of the food industry. Many fruit pro- cessing plants are situated in the tropics or subtropics or they process fruit or fruit products from theseareas. Tropical and subtropical climates provide ideal conditions for the rapid growth of microorganisms and for chemical reactions. Most of thesereactions are detrimental to the overall quality of fruits and fruit products. This laboratory manual presents both the classical laborious methods of chemical, physical, microbiological and organo- leptical methods of analysis and the modern, sophisticated but rapid procedures of testing and analysing. Special at- tention is given to economical, rapid methods which are rea- dily available and easy to use in tropical climates.

This research work plays an important role in transforming current conventional methodology in fruit quality definition and evaluation into scientific and technological objectives and implementation. Conventional definition in evaluating fruit quality is based on its physical attributes such as colour, size, shape and percentage of physical defects. While the conventional practice is dominating fruit industry, the efforts to transform this conventional definition towards a more valuable and scientific interpretation has been put forth by various research groups worldwide. For every presented variable, evaluating or quantifying methodologies will be introduced and promoted by scientific societies. Similarly to fruit quality evaluation, several methodologies have been introduced, based on its physical or intrinsic definition. Despite many efforts that have been carried out in this research area, gaps still exist for the new research to take place especially in the area related to development of low cost measuring system, miniature and mobile system, online monitoring system with rapid time of measurement and high accuracy and precision measurement algorithm. Hence, this book is written particularly to explore the ability of visible and near infrared spectroscopy in quantitatively determining fruit intrinsic qualities with in-depth case studies on two prominent tropical fruits, Sala mango and B10 carambola.