I: Joint Meeting of the Pavlovian Society and the Society of Biological Psychiatry.- 1. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov-Presidential Address.- 2. Pavlovianism and Clinical Psychiatry.- 3. The Traditional and the New in Pavlov's Theory of "Higher Nervous Activity."--4. Salivary Conditional Reflexes in Man.- 5. The Conditional Psychogalvanic Reflex: Its Contribution to Psychiatric Diagnosis.- 6. Effects of Muscular Exertion and Verbal Stimuli on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in the Human.- 7. Awareness of Stimulus Relationships and Physiological Generality of Response in Autonomic Discrimination.- 8. App.

First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.

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Professor Detlev Ploog On March 19-21, 1989, a symposium entitled "Integrative Biological Psychiatry" was held at the Ringberg Castle (Bavaria) to honor the scientific work of Detlev Ploog, who retired at that time from his position as the Director of the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in Munich. The lectures represent an overview of the scientific work conducted at the Max Planck Institute within the recent past and thus also reflect the scientific intentions and research strategies of Detlev Ploog, who brought together extremely divergent tendencies within basic and clinical research and integrated the findings to elucidate new perspectives for fundamental psychiatric problems. His ability to combine topics such as brain and behavior with neuropsychological, neuroethological, psychopharmacological, and behavioral aspects generated a scientific climate in which psychiatric research flourished. The chapters in the present volume represent a documentation of this integrative view on psychiatry, and we, who worked together with Detlev Ploog as his university colleagues at the Ludwig Maximilians University (H. H. ), the Technical University of Munich (H. L. ) and as his successor at the Max Planck Institute (F. H. ) wish him, also after his retirement, continued scientific success, with many additional contributions to modern psychiatry. Hanns Hippius Florian Holsboer Hans Lauter Preface One of the main purposes of science is to elaborate models of natural processes that should be as realistic as possible.

Hallucinations, a natural phenomenon as old as mankind, have a surprisingly wide range. They appear under the most diversified conditions, in the "normal" psyche as well as in severe chronic mental derangement. As a symptom, hallucinations are a potential part of a variety of pathological conditions in almost all kinds of psychotic behavior. In addition, lately, various psychological and sociological circumstances seem to favor widespread use and abuse of hallucinogens, substances able to produce hallucinations in the normal brain. They not rarely lead to serious psychopatho logy such as toxic, and mobilized or aggravated endogenous psycho ses. While such development adds to our scientific knowledge, it also contributes to our current social troubles. Neurologists and neuro-surgeons, psychiatrists, psychologists and other specialized researchers constantly have been dealing with the phenomenon, its roots and branches, and yet, its primary mechanisms are largely un known. However, investigators of hallucinations now seem to enter common ground on which meaningful discussions and joint approaches become feasible and more promising. We have come a long way from the Latin term "hallucinari", meaning to talk nonsense, to be absent-minded, to the modern con cept of "hallucinations". While the Latin word was descriptive of what may be due to hallucinations, the modern concept defines hal lucinations as subjective experiences that are consequences of men tal processes, sometimes fulfilling a purpose in the individual's mental life.