This book encapsulates the creation of Bangladesh with stories of some of those who made it happen —from the perspectives of people who fought for recognition of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan, those who brought the stories of war to life as it progressed through the Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendro, operations by valiant military men, sacrifices of Birangonas (women of valour) whose contribution to the liberation of Bangladesh has often been neglected, martyrs who laid down their lives for the birth of the nation, and those who worked among the freedom fighters and refugees and kept their morale high. The emergence of Bangladesh in 1971 shaped both the nation and its narratives that revolved around partition of the subcontinent earlier in 1947. The history of Bangladesh was rewritten from the people’s perspective. The struggle of individuals and families who contributed to the liberation of Bangladesh is etched in blood and it is but natural that their perspectives would inform those interested in studying the history of liberation in a larger context. More than fifty years have passed since Bangladesh was liberated. Yet stories of individual suffering, sacrifices and contributions illustrate how people endured the repression inflicted by the Pakistan Army on them and yet fought gallantly. Three million were killed, 2 million were raped and 10 million became refugees in India. Bangladesh’s liberation war also represents the struggle of a people to preserve their culture and identity. This book captures all these and much more, bringing in reminiscences of what 1971 represented to those who contributed directly to the war of liberation. The book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of politics and international relations, partition studies, South Asian studies and refugee and diaspora studies. The chapters in this book were originally published in Strategic Analysis.

This book analyses the human dimension during and after the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. The chapters investigate questions of belonging and being an “alien”, civil rights and ethnic demands, and broader issues of citizenship and statelessness. The analysis centres around the situation of those who crossed into the Indian side of the border during the Liberation War, the Bengali speaking population who chose Pakistan as their country after the birth of Bangladesh, and “stranded Pakistani” or “Bihari Muslims” living in Bangladesh. The book addresses three key questions: how do the modern nation-states of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh categorize citizens based on the narratives of 1971; how the acceptance of certain groups as part of the Indian citizenry affected its concept of belonging; and, after 1971, how do Pakistan and Bangladesh define who is part of their citizenry, and how do so-called “aliens” negotiate their identity in national debates. A timely contribution to the subject of forced migration, citizenship and identities in South Asia, edited by three academics with Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi heritage, this book will be of interest to a variety of academics studying the history, politics and sociology of South Asia.

This book encapsulates the creation of Bangladesh with stories of some of those who made it happen —from the perspectives of people who fought for recognition of Bangla as one of the state languages of Pakistan, those who brought the stories of war to life as it progressed through the Swadhin Bangla Betar Kendro, operations by valiant military men, sacrifices of Birangonas (women of valour) whose contribution to the liberation of Bangladesh has often been neglected, martyrs who laid down their lives for the birth of the nation, and those who worked among the freedom fighters and refugees and kept their morale high. The emergence of Bangladesh in 1971 shaped both the nation and its narratives that revolved around partition of the subcontinent earlier in 1947. The history of Bangladesh was rewritten from the people’s perspective. The struggle of individuals and families who contributed to the liberation of Bangladesh is etched in blood and it is but natural that their perspectives would inform those interested in studyingthe history of liberation in a larger context. More than fifty years have passed since Bangladesh was liberated. Yet stories of individual suffering, sacrifices and contributions illustrate how people endured the repression inflicted by the Pakistan Army on them and yet fought gallantly. Three million were killed, 2 million were raped and 10 million became refugees in India. Bangladesh’s liberation war also represents the struggle of a people to preserve their culture and identity. This book captures all these and much more, bringing in reminiscences of what 1971 represented to those who contributed directly to the war of liberation. The book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of politics and international relations, partition studies, South Asian studies and refugee and diaspora studies. The chapters in this book were originally published in Strategic Analysis.

The book rereads the historiography of the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971 documented by Bangladeshi, Indian, and Western historians to trace the position of women who share a negligible place in the gendered war history. It analyses how contemporary novels of South Asia have dealt with the war and highlights women's issues like their subordination through blame, their agency in the war, and their victimization in the ethnic politics of their men. The book has also taken into account nonfictional works of contemporary women ethnographers and studies the lives of women who had engaged in the 1971 war not only as victims, but also as social workers, healthcare professionals, and fighters, and whose voice has been continuously suppressed in the post-war situation of Bangladesh. The book follows a postmodern approach to evaluate the ethnographic metanarratives in the forms of ethnographic fictions, oral history, interview, and memoirs in order to challenge women's neglected place in the historical grand narratives of the 1971 war.

This book encapsulates creation of Bangladesh with stories of those who made it happen. It will be of interest to scholars and researchers of politics, international relations, partition studies, South Asian diaspora studies.

The volume addresses the pertinent need to examine childhood trauma revolving around themes of war, sexual abuse, and disability. Drawing narratives from spatial, temporal, and cultural contexts, the book analyses how conflict, abuse, domestic violence, contours of gender construction, and narratives of ableism affect a child’s transactions with society. While exploring complex manifestations of children’s experience of trauma, the volume seeks to understand the issues related to translatability/representation, of trauma bearing in mind the fact that children often lack the language to express their sense of loss. The book in its study of childhood trauma does a close exegesis of select literary pieces, drawings done by children, memoirs, and graphic narratives. Academicians and research scholars from the disciplines of childhood studies, trauma studies, resilience studies, visual studies, gender studies, cultural studies, disability studies, and film studies stand to benefit from this volume. The ideas that have been expressed in this volume will richly contribute towards further research and scholarship in this domain.

This proceedings volume contains papers accepted by the 2022 International Conference on Business and Policy Studies (CONF-BPS 2022), which are carefully selected and reviewed by professional reviewers from corresponding research fields and the editorial team of the conference. This volume presents latest research achievements, inspirations, and applications in applied economy, finance, enterprise management, public administration, and policy studies. CONF-BPS hopes this volume could be inspiring and of academic value.Business and policy studies both are heated research topics and are related to multiple fields. Held by Eliwise Academy, CONF-BPS aims at bringing together intellectuals from related fields including applied economy, finance, and public administration for academic exchange. Its goal is to serve as an international platform for researchers to present latest research progress, share ideas and inspirations, and exchange experience. Through more academic communication and exchange, this conference hops to promote international corporation and joint initiatives in relevant fields. This volume will be of interest to researchers, academics, professionals, and policy makers in the field of business, economics, management, and policy studies.

Over the past fifty years, debates about human rights have assumed an increasingly prominent place in postcolonial literature and theory. Writers from Salman Rushdie to Nawal El Saadawi have used the novel to explore both the possibilities and challenges of enacting and protecting human rights, particularly in the Global South. In Fictions of Dignity, Elizabeth S. Anker shows how the dual enabling fictions of human dignity and bodily integrity contribute to an anxiety about the body that helps to explain many of the contemporary and historical failures of human rights, revealing why and how lives are excluded from human rights protections along the lines of race, gender, class, disability, and species membership. In the process, Anker examines the vital work performed by a particular kind of narrative imagination in fostering respect for human rights. Drawing on phenomenology, Anker suggests how an embodied politics of reading might restore a vital fleshiness to the overly abstract, decorporealized subject of liberal rights. Each of the novels Anker examines approaches human rights in terms of limits and paradoxes. Rushdie's Midnight's Children addresses the obstacles to incorporating rights into a formerly colonized nation's legal culture. El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero takes up controversies over women’s freedoms in Islamic society. In Disgrace, J. M. Coetzee considers the disappointments of post-apartheid reconciliation in South Africa. And in The God of Small Things, Arundhati Roy confronts an array of human rights abuses widespread in contemporary India. Each of these literary case studies further demonstrates the relevance of embodiment to both comprehending and redressing the failures of human rights, even while those narratives refuse simplistic ideals or solutions.