This book aims to present the age-related alterations in redox signaling networks and their diagnostic biomarkers in aging cells using multidisciplinary approach. Establishing sensitive and specific biomarkers of dynamic redox homeostasis is crucially important in the development of effective antiaging and senolytic interventions. Recent years have seen tremendous advances in the understanding of redox signaling events which highlight the process of aging and age-related pathologies. A major challenge in biological aging research is developing reliable biomarkers to determine the consequences of disrupted redox signaling networks long before the clinical diagnosis of age-related diseases is made. Therefore, we have chosen to concentrate on aging-induced aberrant redox signaling networks, their biomarkers, and pathological consequences in this book. Although oxidation is a natural metabolic process, the imbalance in the level of oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress and eventually leads to inflammatory conditions, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Novel redox-sensitive biomarkers for the evaluation of aging-induced proteinopathies such as amyloid ß and tau proteins in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, and islet amyloid polypeptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus recently drew the attention of researchers. Inside this textbook, readers will find comprehensive perspectives on the association between redox homeostasis and the aging process both at the molecular and clinical levels. Due to the inherent relationship between impaired metabolic activities and oxidative stress, the temporal interaction between intermediary metabolism and disturbed redox status can lead to greater susceptibility to aging-induced diseases and disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. This knowledge could be a key to continued research toward improving medication regimens such as in cancer and cardiovascular therapies, and procedural outcomes for patients. This book brings together current research evidence and knowledge on redox signaling and biomarkers in aging in chapters written by leading global experts in this rapidly evolving field. We hope that this textbook is of interest to a wide group of researchers, advanced students, scientifically curious non-specialist readers and clinicians alike.

Using both epidemiological and model organism approaches, we have gained new insights into the physiological and molecular aspects of aging, which has led to significant advancements in potential anti-aging strategies. Reviews on Biomarker Studies in Aging and Anti-Aging Research presents a series of reviews in various aspects of aging and age-related disease research along with several methods which have shown progress as potential anti-aging approaches. The book is aimed at researchers in the areas of aging and chronic disease, as well as to clinical scientists, physicians and major drug companies. It provides important information on disease mechanisms, and each chapter is presented in the context of the aging process, specific chronic diseases or different therapeutic areas.

We are now in the third decade of the 21st Century and, especially in recent years, the achievements made by scientists have been exceptional, leading to major advancements in the fast-growing field of Aging, Metabolism, and Redox Biology. This editorial initiative of particular relevance is focused on new insights, novel developments, current challenges, latest discoveries, recent advances, and future perspectives in the field of Aging, Metabolism, and Redox Biology.

Redox homeostasis results from the balance between the production of reactive species (e.g. ROS, RNS, etc) and their detoxification by endogenous or exogenous antioxidants. ROS play several important physiological roles, however, their excessive production or impaired detoxification is associated with oxidative stress and cellular injury. Importantly, oxidative damage to vulnerable central nervous system (CNS) cells is a common pathological feature of several neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidants have been considered as attractive potential therapeutic agents to prevent or halt disease progression but the clinical efficacy of antioxidant treatment strategies is still marginal. Improvement of antioxidant therapy effectiveness might involve adjustment of preclinical to clinical settings and development of new efficient delivery methods and will require a more in-depth knowledge of cellular redox-signaling mechanisms. Promising novel redox-based therapeutic strategies are gaining relevance to combat oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. These include boosting the endogenous antioxidant machinery through activation of the antioxidant master regulator Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) or modulation of ROS production by NOX (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase) inhibitors. Redox regulation of key cellular functions is currently recognized as an important cellular signaling mechanism and events such as post-translational modifications (e.g. S_glutathionylation, S_nitrosylation, glycosylation, etc) play important roles in redox signal transduction and might be instrumental to uncover pathological mechanisms and identify novel therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases. This Research Topic focuses on redox signaling mechanisms and aims to provide novel insights into the role of redox-signaling, with particular emphasis on redox regulation involving post-translational modifications, in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it aims to present an overview of the potential of antioxidants as therapeutics for CNS disorders with a special focus on emerging novel therapeutic redox-based strategies. We are particularly interested in studies: -addressing new redox-based molecular mechanisms contributing to neurodegenerative diseases; -exploring the role of naturally occurring compounds, standard medications, and nutraceuticals with antioxidant properties in modulating redox-signaling pathways and limiting and/or preventing oxidative damage associated with these disorders; -addressing mechanistically the role of post-translational modifications in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders.

Molecular Basis of Nutrition and Aging: A Volume in the Molecular Nutrition Series focuses on the nutritional issues associated with aging and the important metabolic consequences of diet, nutrition, and health. The book is subdivided into four parts that reflect the impact of nutrition from a biomolecular level to individual health. In Part One, chapters explore the general aspects of aging, aging phenotypes, and relevant aspects of nutrition related to the elderly and healthy aging. Part Two includes molecular and cellular targets of nutrition in aging, with chapters exploring lipid peroxidation, inflammaging, anabolic and catabolic signaling, epigenetics, DNA damage and repair, redox homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity, among others. Part Three looks at system-level and organ targets of nutrition in aging, including a variety of tissues, systems, and diseases, such as immune function, the cardiovascular system, the brain and dementia, muscle, bone, lung, and many others. Finally, Part Four focuses on the health effects of specific dietary compounds and dietary interventions in aging, including vitamin D, retinol, curcumin, folate, iron, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, iodine, vitamin B, fish oil, vitamin E, resveratrol, polyphenols, vegetables, and fruit, as well as the current nutritional recommendations. Offers updated information and a perspectives on important future developments to different professionals involved in the basic and clinical research on all major nutritional aspects of aging Explores how nutritional factors are involved in the pathogenesis of aging across body systems Investigates the molecular and genetic basis of aging and cellular senescence through the lens of the rapidly evolving field of molecular nutrition

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly population worldwide. AD is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that leads to a gradual deterioration of memory and other cognitive functions. Given the global prevalence and impact of AD, there is a critical need to establish biomarkers that can be used to detect AD in individuals before the onset of clinical signs and provide mitigating therapeutics. The aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the current knowledge as well as future perspectives on the role of biomarkers in the screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of AD.

Redox Signaling in Wound Healing in Elderly Populations: Theoretical Basis, Part 1 deals with wounds in different types and locations (diabetic, ischemic, post-operational) in subcellular and macro dimensions, examine their relationship with aging aim to target deteriorating redox signaling cascades, and will also focus on promising therapeutic approaches. Understanding the indication for the use of new therapeutics targeting the illuminated pathways in wound healing will help adjust treatment regimens befitting modern medicine. Ineffective redox adaptation and disseminated oxidative injury are the hallmarks of continuing oxidative stress. However, oxidative stress cannot be simply described as the imbalance between ROS formation and antioxidant defense capacity; it also covers impairment in redox sensing and signaling pathways. The term oxidative stress is an expression that is losing its use in modern redox biology. It is now an accepted fact that ROS cannot be described as an apparent enemy or friend. Its optimum level modulates signal transduction and stress responses by acting as a second messenger for redox-sensitive cascades. Redox-dependent second messengers are generated in subcellular locations according to specific rules and regulations. Their appearance depends on cellular needs in response to external and internal stimuli variations. A good understanding of the wound healing cascades, which deteriorate especially in advancing ages, is critical in developing the most appropriate approach. To understand the redox signaling mechanisms and healing cascades in wound healing, to pioneer new pharmacoactive drugs that can be developed based on these mechanisms, to reveal the deteriorating dynamics in the elderly patient group, and to propose new treatment methods suitable for the advanced age group. - The only source where all intracellular and intercellular redox homeostasis, cascades, and mechanisms of wound healing in elderly people - Deals with wounds in different types and locations (diabetic, ischemic, post-operational) in subcellular and macro dimensions, examine their relationship with aging, and aim to target deteriorating cascades - It will help adjust redox-based treatment regimens befitting modern medicine

This book provides a state-of-the-art overview of key areas of subcellular aging research in human cells. The reader is introduced to the historical development and progress in biomedical aging research and learns, for example, about the role of microRNAs, circRNAs, mitochondria and extracellular vesicles in cellular senescence. The reader will also learn more about how gap junctions, the nuclear pore complex and the proteasome are affecting the ageing processes. In addition, novel therapeutic opportunities through modulation of cellular senescence are discussed. The book follows on from Parts I and II of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Ageing (Volumes 90 and 91 of the Subcellular Biochemistry book series) by covering interesting and significant biomedical ageing topics not included in the earlier volumes. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, this book is a valuable resource for experienced researchers and early career scientist alike, who are interested in learning more about the fascinating and challenging question of why and how our cells age.

Aging: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Second Edition, bridges the trans-disciplinary divide and covers the science of oxidative stress in aging and the therapeutic use of natural antioxidants in the food matrix in a single volume. The second edition covers new trials and investigations used to determine the comprehensive properties of antioxidants, food items and extracts, as well as any adverse properties they may have. It has been updated to include new clinical human trials and a new section dedicated to animal models of aging. Throughtout the book the processes within the science of oxidative stress are described in concert with other processes, such as apoptosis, cell signaling, and receptor mediated responses. This approach recognizes that diseases are often multifactorial, and oxidative stress is a single component of this. Gerontologists, geriatricians, nutritionists, and dieticians are separated by divergent skills and professional disciplines that need to be bridged to advance preventative as well as treatment strategies. While gerontologists and geriatricians may study the underlying processes of aging, they are less likely to be conversant in the science of nutrition and dietetics. On the other hand, nutritionists and dietitians are less conversant with the detailed clinical background and science of gerontology. This book addresses this gap and brings each of these disciplines to bear on the processes inherent in the oxidative stress of aging. This will aid in better research, treatment and outcome for patients. - Compares information related to mitochondrial oxidative stress in one disease to diet-related strategies in other unrelated diseases - Provides an understanding of cell signalling leading to new suggestions of preventative or therapeutic strategies - Includes a new section dedicated to animal models of aging