Five hundred years ago a monk nailed his theses to a church gate in Wittenberg. The sound of Luther’s mythical hammer, however, was by no means the only aural manifestation of the religious Reformations. This book describes the birth of Lutheran Chorales and Calvinist Psalmody; of how music was practised by Catholic nuns, Lutheran schoolchildren, battling Huguenots, missionaries and martyrs, cardinals at Trent and heretics in hiding, at a time when Palestrina, Lasso and Tallis were composing their masterpieces, and forbidden songs were concealed, smuggled and sung in taverns and princely courts alike. Music expressed faith in the Evangelicals’ emerging worships and in the Catholics’ ancient rites; through it new beliefs were spread and heresy countered; analysed by humanist theorists, it comforted and consoled miners, housewives and persecuted preachers; it was both the symbol of new, conflicting identities and the only surviving trace of a lost unity of faith. The music of the Reformations, thus, was music reformed, music reforming and the reform of music: this book shows what the Reformations sounded like, and how music became one of the protagonists in the religious conflicts of the sixteenth century.

Reforming the Higher Education Curriculum is a collection of papers that explore how a college or university can plan and implement a systemwide program for internationalizing the curriculum, not only from the perspective of specific international programs, but throughout the entire university. The authors address this issue from a variety of perspectives, discussing reasons why internationalizing the curriculum is needed, recommending general approaches for doing so, and creating an outline for internationalizing courses in various disciplines. Also provided are suggestions for internationalizing faculty thinking and assessing student outcomes for international programs. This book will be of great interest to presidents, deans, vice presidents for academic affairs, faculty members, and administrators of international study programs.