Non-tariff measures (NTMs) in international trade continues to cause trade costs to be high and to impede the further growth of trade and the gains that can be derived from trade. This book discusses some of the analytical methods that can be used to estimate the impact of NTMs on international trade, and the possible gains from their reform.

This toolkit provides a novel approach and a set of tools for policymakers and analysts to identify non-tariff measures (NTMs), assess their trade restrictiveness and impact on prices and welfare, and to strengthen the institutional coordination mechanism, transparency, and regulatory governance on NTMs.

China has quickly moved into a critical point in the sense that its past performance in economic growth and development has created so many unsolved problems, and for such problems to be addressed, a better understanding of these problems and a clear policy framework are required for policy makers to conduct reforms. Based on highOColevel empirical research on China''s economic development by each of the contributors, this edited book provides an in-depth and clear analysis of many of important issues facing China''s move to new phase of economic development and transformation, and discusses policy issues involved in further reforms.

Kosaraju Leela Krishna, b. 1935, Indian economist; contributed articles.

This report constitutes one of the pillars of the Investment Compact’s work. It provides governments with an overview of each country's performance on investment policy reform and will support them in setting priorities and further improving the investment environment.

Drawing on Khalid Ikram's extensive knowledge of economic policymaking at the highest levels, The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt lays out the enduring features of the Egyptian economy and its performance since 1952 before presenting an account of policy-making, growth and structural change under the country's successive presidents to the present day.

This title was first published in 2003. This insightful work examines institutional formation and change as evidence of the major re-shaping of government internationally over the last two decades. It is based on a series of case studies of institutional reform and ranges across institutions in countries including the UK, China, Australia and the USA. Each case study considers questions concerning the establishment of institutions, such as: what have been the objectives of institutional changes? What are the principles and values on which new institutions are founded? In addition to looking at broad hypotheses regarding the state and new institutions, the book also draws together practical lessons regarding institutional reform. Thus the cases are analysed as a group to throw light on a number of issues: are there patterns discernible in the formation of new political institutions? What do the cases reveal about what works, and what does not work, in forming new institutions? What predictions can be made about the relationship between values and governance structures?

In the 1990s Brazil launched a comprehensive economic liberalization program. It lifted its trade barriers, adopted new market-oriented regulations, opened up its capital market and abandoned earlier efforts to internalize production and to build vertically integrated systems across several sectors of the economy. In spite of the visible gap that separated the top global giants from the large local enterprises, Brazilian companies seemed to be willing to join in an economic liberalization process that was bound to expose them to unprecedented levels of competition, bring about a high degree of uncertainty and, in many cases, ultimately put their own businesses at risk. Big Business and Brazil’s Economic Reforms examines the most emblematic aspect of the Brazilian economic reforms, the support from parts of the local entrepreneurial class for the opening up of the economy. It investigates the reasons why Brazil carried out these economic reforms in the 1990s, the transition process and the impact of the opening up of the economy on some of its most important sectors, such as the aerospace, auto and auto parts, food processing, oil and petrochemicals, ethanol, steel, telecoms and telecom equipment industries. This book offers an in-depth analysis of Brazil’s distinctive development paths, from the Latin American economic thinking of the early stages of its industrialization to the neo-liberal stance of the present day. It sheds new light on one of the main challenges facing all the large developing economies in their move to become more integrated into the world economy, the fostering of large enterprises, and is a great resource for students and researchers interested in global business, development economics, and Latin American economic history.

Much has been written on China's State-Owned Enterprises ( SOEs) reform following the restructuring impact on China's economic reform process in the last decade. However, as a major root of social and economic change, little has been discussed beyond a description of SOEs shortcomings and their overall impact on the economy. This book provides a more in-depth analysis of SOEs by assessing the transformation process of eleven specific industries, with reference to the state of competition, the influence of WTO membership and the challenges these industries face in the future. Importantly, the authors also provide a personal perspective alongside the industry analysis with eleven case studies of firms actually undergoing this restructuring process, including interviews with crucial agents of reform such as CEOs and GMs. The provision of both a macro and business perspective of SOEs reforms provides the reader with a complete and accurate insight into the economic, social and business reality of China today. China's State Owned Enterprises' Reforms will therefore be essential reading for those interested in the Chinese economy and Chinese business, as well as economists, foreign investors, MBA and EMBA students and scholars specializing in emerging or transitional economies.