This timely collection of essays by leading international scholars across religious studies and the environmental humanities advances a lively discussion on materialism in its many forms. While there is little agreement on what ‘materialism’ means, it is evident that there is a resurgence in thinking about matter in more animated and active ways. The volume explores how debates concerning the new materialisms impinge on religious traditions and the extent to which religions, with their material culture and beliefs in the Divine within the material, can make a creative contribution to debates about ecological materialisms. Spanning a broad range of themes, including politics, architecture, hermeneutics, literature and religion, the book brings together a series of discussions on materialism in the context of diverse methodologies and approaches. The volume investigates a range of issues including space and place, hierarchy and relationality, the relationship between nature and society, human and other agencies, and worldviews and cultural values. Drawing on literary and critical theory, and queer, philosophical, theological and social theoretical approaches, this ground-breaking book will make an important contribution to the environmental humanities. It will be a key read for postgraduate students, researchers and scholars in religious studies, cultural anthropology, literary studies, philosophy and environmental studies.

In exploring the essence, function, and role of religion in human societies, we have to confront a complex and multifaceted issue. Religion, as an enduring cultural phenomenon, has evolved in its connotations and denotations over time. This profound exploration into religion reveals the secrets behind the enduring vitality of religious practices and the invisible ecological nature of religion itself. It presents the power of enlightenment, transcending the realms of monks and nuns, making us realize that all beings possess Buddha-nature and the potential to attain enlightenment. Enlightenment is the foundation of faith and a pivotal moment in the course of scientifically disciplined spiritual practice. In the vast river of the universe, humanity is but a node, with an enlightened society being its ultimate destination. Through the right knowledge and insight, we ensure the absolute authority of the Sutra, approaching the original intent of the Buddha infinitely and materialistically. Employing a scientific materialist perspective to understand Buddhism is the essential path to enlightenment and mastery of objective laws. The reason religion continues to captivate people lies not only in its provision of spiritual solace but more importantly, in fulfilling the pursuit of ultimate meaning. Through its unique belief system, religion offers believers a way to interpret the world and life, often surpassing everyday experiences and logic. Moreover, religion plays a social function by propagating specific alues, thereby influencing society and maintaining social order to some extent. The essence of religion can be regarded as an objectively existing invisible ecology. This view considers religion as a manifestation of a special relationship between humans and nature and the universe, representing humanity's attempt to understand and master the world. The sacred reality in religion provides people with a spiritual refuge beyond reality, enabling them to find strength and hope when facing difficulties and challenges in life. Third, enlightenment is the essence of Buddha-nature; it is not confined to monks or nuns. This view highlights the importance of "self-awakening" in Buddhism. Every individual has the potential to become enlightened. It is not limited to monks or nuns but open to anyone willing and able to follow the correct practices. This perspective encourages personal spiritual enhancement and self-improvement through inner cultivation and practice. The belief that all beings possess Buddha-nature signifies everyone's potential for enlightenment. Grounded in a fundamental doctrine of Buddhism, it suggests that all living beings inherently possess supreme Buddha-nature, which can be gradually unveiled by the correct practice, removing ignorance and delusion, ultimately achieving enlightenment. This highlights Buddhism's affirmation of individual potential and the possibility of self-transcendence through practice. In summary, religion, as a complex cultural phenomenon, extends far beyond mere superstition or spiritual reliance. It influences the development and future of human societies with correct knowledge and insight. Religion serves both as an individual's spiritual pursuit and a societal value system. Through a deep understanding and study of religion, we can better recognize its significant status in human history and culture, as well as its positive contributions to individual and societal development. This journey of exploration is not only a reflection on religion itself but also an inquiry into human civilization, transcending traditional religious boundaries, Integrating science and faith, and opening a path to enlightenment. In this era of challenge and transformation, this book offers a guiding light, leading us towards a deeper reflection and cognition, Illuminating a promising path for humanity's future.

Ecologically oriented visions of God, the Sacred, the Earth, and human beings. The proposed handbook will serve as the definitive overview of these exciting new developments. Divided into three main sections, the books essays will reflect the three dominant dimensions of the field. Part I will explore

In the face of the current environmental crisis—which clearly has moral and spiritual dimensions—members of all the world’s faiths have come to recognize the critical importance of religion’s relationship to ecology. The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Religion and Ecology offers a comprehensive overview of the history and the latest developments in religious engagement with environmental issues throughout the world. Newly commissioned essays from noted scholars of diverse faiths and scientific traditions present the most cutting-edge thinking on religion’s relationship to the environment. Initial readings explore the ways traditional concepts of nature in Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and other religious traditions have been shaped by the environmental crisis. Readings then address the changing nature of theology and religious thought in response to the challenges of protecting the environment. Various conceptual issues and themes that transcend individual traditions—climate change, bio-ethics, social justice, ecofeminism, and more—are then analyzed before a final section examines some of the immediate challenges we face in caring for the Earth while looking to the future of religious environmentalism. Timely and thought-provoking, Companion to Religion and Ecology offers illuminating insights into the role of religion in the ongoing struggle to secure the future well-being of our natural world. With a foreword by Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, and an Afterword by John Cobb

Now in its third edition, Grounding Religion explores relationships between the environment and religious beliefs and practices. Established scholars introduce students to the ways religion shapes and is shaped by human–earth relations, surveying a series of key issues and questions, with particular attention to issues of environmental degradation, social justice, ritual practices, and religious worldviews. Case studies, discussion questions, and further readings enrich students’ experience. This third edition features updated content, including revisions of every chapter and new material on religion and the environmental humanities, sexuality and queer studies, class, ability, privilege and power, environmental justice, extinction, biodiversity, and politics. An excellent text for undergraduates and graduates alike, it offers an expansive overview of the academic field of religion and ecology as it has emerged in the past fifty years and continues to develop today.

The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature, originally published in 2005, is a landmark work in the burgeoning field of religion and nature. It covers a vast and interdisciplinary range of material, from thinkers to religious traditions and beyond, with clarity and style. Widely praised by reviewers and the recipient of two reference work awards since its publication (see www.religionandnature.com/ern), this new, more affordable version is a must-have book for anyone interested in the manifold and fascinating links between religion and nature, in all their many senses.

This book presents discussions on the formation of complex society of Southeastern Mesoamerica throughout pre-Columbian times. These societies include ones from the Early Preclassic or Formative period to those encountered by the Spaniards when they arrived in the early 16th century. Diverse classes of data from archaeology, ethnography, and ethnohistory are utilized. The book provides wide spatial and temporal coverage, as well as a wide diversity of theoretical perspectives. Anyone interested in archeology or the evolution of prehistoric complex societies will find this book fascinating.

The moral values and interpretive systems of religions are crucially involved in how people imagine the challenges of sustainability and how societies mobilize to enhance ecosystem resilience and human well-being. The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Ecology provides the most comprehensive and authoritative overview of the field. It encourages both appreciative and critical angles regarding religious traditions, communities, attitude, and practices. It presents contrasting ways of thinking about "religion" and about "ecology" and about ways of connecting the two terms. Written by a team of leading international experts, the Handbook discusses dynamics of change within religious traditions as well as their roles in responding to global challenges such as climate change, water, conservation, food and population. It explores the interpretations of indigenous traditions regarding modern environmental problems drawing on such concepts as lifeway and indigenous knowledge. This volume uniquely intersects the field of religion and ecology with new directions within the humanities and the sciences. This interdisciplinary volume is an essential reference for scholars and students across the social sciences and humanities and for all those looking to understand the significance of religion in environmental studies and policy.

The Routledge Handbook of Religion and the Body is the first comprehensive volume to feature multireligious cross-cultural perspectives on the body and embodiment. Featuring multidisciplinary approaches and methodologies from the humanities and the social sciences, it addresses the body and embodied religiosity in theological, ethical, and cultural contexts. Comprised of 30 chapters by a team of international contributors, the handbook is divided into four parts: Theology and Embodied Religiosity Gender, Sexuality, and Body Regulations Ritual and Performance Religion, Healing, and the Future of the Body Each part examines central issues, debates, and problems in relation to global belief systems, including embodiments of love, transfiguration, the secular body, disability, body language, maternal bodies, embodied emotions, celibacy, ecology and the body, reshaping the corporal body, initiation rites, physiology, Tantra, Reiki practice, religious experience, technological body modifications, and ethics and the body. Providing a breadth of rich and innovative research, it is a must-read for students and scholars in religious studies, theology, philosophy, sociology, anthropology, psychology, history, and cultural and gender studies. Chapter 7 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Providing a guide to the ideas, arguments and history of the discipline, this volume discusses human social and cultural life in all its diversity and difference. Theory, ethnography and history are combined in over 230 entries on topics