In the first comprehensive history of the fraternity known to outsiders primarily for its secrecy and rituals, Steven Bullock traces Freemasonry through its first century in America. He follows the order from its origins in Britain and its introduction into North America in the 1730s to its near-destruction by a massive anti-Masonic movement almost a century later and its subsequent reconfiguration into the brotherhood we know today. With a membership that included Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, Paul Revere, and Andrew Jackson, Freemasonry is fascinating in its own right, but Bullock also places the movement at the center of the transformation of American society and culture from the colonial era to the rise of Jacksonian democracy. Using lodge records, members' reminiscences and correspondence, and local and Masonic histories, Bullock links Freemasonry with the changing ideals of early American society. Although the fraternity began among colonial elites, its spread during the Revolution and afterward allowed it to play an important role in shaping the new nation's ideas of liberty and equality. Ironically, however, the more inclusive and universalist Masonic ideas became, the more threatening its members' economic and emotional bonds seemed to outsiders, sparking an explosive attack on the fraternity after 1826. American History

The Muslim Brotherhood, which was founded in Egypt in 1926, has been at the forefront of the resurgence of political Islam in the Middle East. It has also endeavored to reach out beyond Egypt and the Middle East, to an international audience, increasing its media campaign in English. This outreach is the focus of the book, which delves into the media strategies and ventures of the Muslim Brotherhood by studying how it has used its official English website to frame its political ideologies and its role in the 2011 Egyptian uprising.

This captivating book delves into the secretive world of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) and its profound impact on Ireland’s political landscape between 1914 and 1924. With the aid of new documentation, Ranelagh unravels the true influence of the oath-bound society without which the 1916 Rising might never have taken shape. For Michael Collins, the IRB was the true custodian of the Irish Republic, and the only body he pledged his loyalty to, but its legacy remains obscured by its intense secrecy. This book re-introduces the IRB as the organisation that created and furnished the IRA, influenced the result of the critical 1918 election, and changed the face of Irish history. From Éamon de Valera’s recollections of how he first learned of the Treaty to narratives from Nora Connolly O’Brien, Emmett Dalton et al, testimonies from key figures paint a vivid picture of the IRB’s inner workings and external influence. A fascinating exploration of secret societies, political manoeuvres, and personal sacrifices, The Irish Republican Brotherhood 1914–1924 casts new light on a pivotal chapter in Ireland’s quest for independence.

The War fo Independence had a substantial impact on the lives of all Americans, establishing a nation and confirming American identity. The War for Independence and the Transformation of American Society focuses on a conflict which was both civil war and revolution and assesses how Americans met the challenges of adapting to the ideals of Independence and Republicanism. The war effected political reconstruction and brought economic self sufficiency and expansion, but it also brought oppression of dissenting and ethnic minorities, broadened the divide between the affluent and the poor and strengthened the institution of slavery. Focusing on the climate of war itself and its effects on the lives of those who lived through it, this book includes discussion of: *Recruitment and Society *The Home Front *Constraints on Liberty *Women and family during the war years *African Americans and Native Americans The War for Independence is a fascinating account of the wider dimension to the meaning of the American Revolution.

This collection of scholarly essays explores the role of history in terrorism studies and today’s counterterrorism initiatives. In Doomed to Repeat?, scholars, policy makers, and other practitioners explore how a better understanding of the past can help us combat terrorism in the future. The first section establishes a broader context for discussion by examining the connections between history and Terrorism Studies. The second section presents the insights of non-historians who know the importance of historical perspective in understanding current events. Section Three provides case studies that explore the history of terrorism and politically motivated violence. Section Four concludes by placing concerns about terrorism in regional and foreign policy context. “This collection helps us advance our understanding of terrorism beyond simplistic and dichotomist assertions about “them” and “us.” Taken together, these essays highlight the importance of analyzing, rather than assuming.” —Chris Dixon, Professor, School of History, Philosophy, Religion, and Classics, The University of Queensland, Australia