Divided Legacy (Vols. I-IV) is a history of Western medical philosophy from the time of Hippocrates to the twentieth century, treating it as a unified system of thought rather than a series of fortuitous discovers. Dr. Coulter interprets the development of medical ideas as the product of a conflict between two opposed systems of thought, Empiricism and Rationalism. This third volume of Divided Legacy continues the account of the conflict between the Empirical and the Rationalist approaches to therapeutics but introduces a socio-economic dimension which had earlier been lacking. In the early nineteenth century, Samuel Hahnemann’s formulation of the Empirical therapeutic doctrine, which he called homeopathy. It flourished especially in the United States. This volume traces the history of the rise and decline of this formulation of Empirical therapeutics in the nineteenth century United States. It analyzes the interaction between the homeopathic doctrines and those of the orthodox school and attempts to illustrate the influence of socio-economic constraints on the movement of medical thought during this period.

First published in 1987. Even as the professionalism of medicine progressed, many sufferers continued to rely on what would now be termed "fringe" practitioners – quacks, backstreet surgeons, bone-setters, Thomsonian botanists, holists and naturalists. Many types of fringe medicine were popular in particular circles or reflected the political or religious preoccupations of their practitioners. Anti-establishment radicals might favour natural medicine, Christian Scientists would reject the medical aid, "Physical Puritans" would concentrate on homeopathy, hydropathy and vegetarianism to create health rather than counter disease. Some diseases, particularly venereal ones, allowed practitioners to play unscrupulously on the guilt of their patients. The end of the period saw professionalism establish itself in many areas, for example with the foundation in 1852 of the Pharmaceutical Society, and conflicts of fringe and orthodoxy became the fiercer. The essays collected in this volume all present new research on this fascinating and diverse period in the history of medicine.

Divided Legacy (Vols. I-IV) is a history of Western medical philosophy from the time of Hippocrates to the twentieth century, treating it as a unified system of thought rather than a series of fortuitous discoveries. Dr. Coulter interprets the development of medical ideas as the product of a conflict between two opposed systems of thought, Empiricism and Rationalism. This second volume of Divided Legacy analyzes the dispute in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries over the criterion of reliability of medical thought and practice.

A pioneer in the synthesis of science, holistic health, and contemporary spirituality, Dr. Patricia Muehsam introduces and explores a path to health and well-being that is extraordinary in its ease and profound in its results. This groundbreaking work explores what health and healing — physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual — really mean and offers a revolutionary new way to think about health. You’ll discover experiences of illness and healing that defy conventional thinking, explore the ancient wisdom and the modern science of consciousness, and learn practical tools for experiencing Absolute Health — which are also tools for navigating being human.

This is a comprehensive major reference work for our SpringerReference program covering clinical trials. Although the core of the Work will focus on the design, analysis, and interpretation of scientific data from clinical trials, a broad spectrum of clinical trial application areas will be covered in detail. This is an important time to develop such a Work, as drug safety and efficacy emphasizes the Clinical Trials process. Because of an immense and growing international disease burden, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies continue to develop new drugs. Clinical trials have also become extremely globalized in the past 15 years, with over 225,000 international trials ongoing at this point in time. Principles in Practice of Clinical Trials is truly an interdisciplinary that will be divided into the following areas: 1) Clinical Trials Basic Perspectives 2) Regulation and Oversight 3) Basic Trial Designs 4) Advanced Trial Designs 5) Analysis 6) Trial Publication 7) Topics Related Specific Populations and Legal Aspects of Clinical Trials The Work is designed to be comprised of 175 chapters and approximately 2500 pages. The Work will be oriented like many of our SpringerReference Handbooks, presenting detailed and comprehensive expository chapters on broad subjects. The Editors are major figures in the field of clinical trials, and both have written textbooks on the topic. There will also be a slate of 7-8 renowned associate editors that will edit individual sections of the Reference.

Therapeutics has been central to the medical enterprise in all times and all places, but a subject that is all too often neglected by historians. The essays in this volume follow a range in chronology from antiquity to the 1980s and in geography from the Mediterranean Basin to the New World. They touch on such matters as diet and drugs, magic and surgery, orthodox and unorthodox approaches. What they share is an attempt to get beyond the easy dismissal of almost all therapeutics before the twentieth century as meaningless and harmful and to examine concrete dimensions of the therapeutic encounter in its social, professional, religious and scientific reverberations.

Today, one out of every three Americans uses some form of alternative medicine, either along with their conventional (“standard,” “traditional”) medications or in place of them. One of the most controversial–as well as one of the most popular–alternatives is homeopathy, a wholly Western invention brought to America from Germany in 1827, nearly forty years before the discovery that germs cause disease. Homeopathy is a therapy that uses minute doses of natural substances–minerals, such as mercury or phosphorus; various plants, mushrooms, or bark; and insect, shellfish, and other animal products, such as Oscillococcinum. These remedies mimic the symptoms of the sick person and are said to bring about relief by “entering” the body’s “vital force.” Many homeopaths believe that the greater the dilution, the greater the medical benefit, even though often not a single molecule of the original substance remains in the solution. In Copeland’s Cure, Natalie Robins tells the fascinating story of homeopathy in this country; how it came to be accepted because of the gentleness of its approach–Nathaniel Hawthorne and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow were outspoken advocates, as were Louisa May Alcott, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Daniel Webster. We find out about the unusual war between alternative and conventional medicine that began in 1847, after the AMA banned homeopaths from membership even though their medical training was identical to that of doctors practicing traditional medicine. We learn how homeopaths were increasingly considered not to be “real” doctors, and how “real” doctors risked expulsion from the AMA if they even consulted with a homeopath. At the center of Copeland's Cure is Royal Samuel Copeland, the now-forgotten maverick senator from New York who served from 1923 to 1938. Copeland was a student of both conventional and homeopathic medicine, an eye surgeon who became president of the American Institute of Homeopathy, dean of the New York Homeopathic Medical College, and health commissioner of New York City from 1918 to 1923 (he instituted unique approaches to the deadly flu pandemic). We see how Copeland straddled the worlds of politics (he befriended Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, and Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, among others) and medicine (as senator, he helped get rid of medical “diploma mills”). His crowning achievement was to give homeopathy lasting legitimacy by including all its remedies in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938. Finally, the author brings the story of clashing medical beliefs into the present, and describes the role of homeopathy today and how some of its practitioners are now adhering to the strictest standards of scientific research–controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical studies.

The History of American Homeopathy traces the rise of lay practitioners in shaping homeopathy as a healing system and its relationship to other forms of complementary and alternative medicine in an age when conventional biomedicine remains the dominant form. omplementary medicine within the American social, scientific, religious, and philosophic traditions.

Speculation and Experimentation in Early Poliomyelitis Research /Saul Benison --Kitasato, Yersin, and the Plague Bacillus /Norman Howard-Jones --Nostalgia: A “Forgotten” Psychological Disorder /George Rosen --Scientific Empiricism in the Middle Ages: Albertus Magnus on Sexual Anatomy and Physiology /James Rochester Shaw --Book Reviews --Geschichte der Krebskrankheit: Schicksale der Kranken, der Ärzte und der Forscher; Der Werdegang einer Wissenschaft. JURAJ KÖRBLER, Wien, Verlag Dr. Herta Ranner, 1973, 235 pp., 37 illus. /D. De Moulin --The Theoretical Foundations of Chinese Medicine; Systems and Correspondences. MANFRED PORKERT, M.I.T. East Asian Science Series. Vol. III. Cambridge, Massachussets, and London, England, The M.I.T. Press, 1974. xvi, 368 pp., illus., US Dollar 13.95. /Ilza Veith --Nicolaus Copernicus and his Epoch. JAN ADAMCZEWSKI, in cooperation with EDWARD J. PISZEK, New York, Copernicus Society of America (Charles Scribner's Sons), 1974, 161 pp., with illus., US Dollar7.95. /Victor Thoren --Der Hippokratische Eid - und wir?: Plädoyer für eine zeitgemässe ärztliche Ethik: ein Auftrag an den Medizinhistoriker. HELMUT SIEFERT, Feuchtwangen, Carl-Ernst Kohlbauer, 1973, 60 pp., paper, DM 8,40. /Guenter B. Risse --Catatonia. KARL LUDWIG KAHLBAUM (1874, translated by Y. Levij and T. Pridan), with an introduction by George Mora, Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973, 102 pp., US Dollar 7.50. /Jacques M. Quen --Über den Umgang mit Geisteskranken: Die Entwicklung der psychiatrischen Therapie vom “moralischen Regime” in England und Frankreich zu den “psychischen Curmethoden” in Deutschland. MARTIN SCHRENK, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1973, 194 pp., 20 ill., US Dollar 44.10, DM 98,-. /Otto M. Marx --Sydsvenska medicinhistoriska Sällskapets Arsskrijt 1973. BENGT I. LINDSKOG, ed. Lund, AB C.-W. Lindströms Universitets-Bokhandel, 1973, 223 pp., with illus., paper, 30 Swed. Crowns. /E. Snorrason --The “Real Expedición Maritima de la Vacuna” in New Spain and Guatemala. MICHAEL M. SMITH, Transactions, American Philosophical Society, vol. 64, part 1, Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1974, 74 pp, paper, US Dollar 4. /Francisco Guerra --Nordisk medicinhistorisk Arsbok 1973. WOLFRAM KOCK, ed., Yearbook of the Museum of Medical History, Stockholm, The Museum of Medical History, 1973, 248 pp, with illus, paper, 30 Swed. Crowns. /E. Snorrason --The History of the Cholera in Exeter in 1832. THOMAS SHAPTER, Facsimile reprint of original 1849 ed., with introduction by Robert Newton, New York, S. R. Publishers, British Book Centre, 1974, 297 pp, with illus, US Dollar 13.50. /Norman Howard-Jones --The Care and Exhibition of Medical History Museum Objects. PATSY A. GERSTNER, Cleveland, Cleveland Health Sciences Library and Case Western Reserve University, 1974, 47 pp, paper US Dollar 1.75. /J. K. Crellin --A History of Public Health in New York City, 1866-1966. JOHN DUFFY, New York, Russel Sage Foundation, 1974, 690 pp., illus., US Dollar 20. /Judith W. Leavitt --Oración Inaugural sobre la Importancia de la Anatomía la Cirugía (1773). ANTONIO DE GIMBERNAT, Cátedra e Instituto de Historia de la Medicina, Valencia, 1971, 33 pp. /Emilio Balaguer --The Disease of the Soul: Leprosy in Medieval Literature. SAUL NATHANIEL BRODY, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1974, 223 pp., 12 illus., US Dollar 9.50. /Juan A. Paniagua --Contributors to this Issue --Papers --Giovanni Michele Savonarola: An Atypical Renaissance Practitioner /Ynez Violé O'neill --Causation: A Problem in Medical Philosophy /Lester S. King --The Development of our Knowledge of Foetal Heart Activity: With Special Reference to Denmar /Dyre Trolle --Viewpoints in the Teaching of Medical History /Lester S. King --Book Reviews --Claude Bernard and Animal Chemistry: The Emergence of a Scientist. FREDERIC LAWRENCE HOLMES. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1974, XX + 541 pp, with illus, US Dollar 18. /William F. Bynum --The Schreber Case: Psychoanalytic Profile of a Paranoid Personality. WILLIAM G. NIEDERLAND, Quadrangle/New York Times Book, New York, 1974, 172 pp, 10 illus, US Dollar 8.95. /G. E. Gifford Jr. --The History and Philosophy of Knowledge of the Brain and its Functions. F. N. L. POYNTER, ed. (Symposium, London, July 15-17, 1957), Amsterdam, B. M. Israël, 1973, 272 pp., with illus., Hfl 48. (reprint of 1958 ed.) /William F. Bynum --Contributors to this Issue /Lester S. King --Papers --La Clinique Parisienne avant et après 1802 /P. Huard and M. J. Imbault-Huart --Malpractice, 1811 /Francis Schiller --Premières Descriptions de la Chorée de Huntington en France et en Belgique /Henri Husquinet --Viewpoints in the Teaching of Medical History /Lester S. King --Langenbeck on the Mechanism of Tumor Metastasis and the Transmission of Cancer from Man to Animal /L. J. Rather --Galen on Cancer and Related Diseases /Jeremiah Reedy --Book Reviews --Animals in Roman Life and Art. J. M. C. TOYNBEE, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1973, with Appendix, “Roman Veterinary Medicine”, by R. E. WALKER, 431 pp., 114 plates, 1 figure US Dollar 17.50. /John Scarborough.