This volume explores Shakespeare’s interest in pity, an emotion that serves as an important catalyst for action within the plays, even as it generates one of the audience’s most common responses to tragic drama in the theater. For Shakespeare, the word "pity" contained a broader range of meaning than it does in modern English, and was often associated with ideas such as mercy, compassion, charity, pardon, and clemency. This cluster of ideas provides Shakespeare’s characters with a rich range of possibilities for engaging some of humanity’s deepest emotional commitments, in which pity can be seen as a powerful stimulus for fostering social harmony, love, and forgiveness. However, Shakespeare also dramatizes pity’s potential for deception, when the appeal to pity is not genuine, and conceals contrary motives of vengeance and cruelty. As Shakespeare’s works remain relevant for modern audiences and readers, so too does his dramatization of the powerful ways in which emotions such as pity remain essential to our understanding of our shared humanity and of our awareness of compassion’s role in our own private and civic lives.

Shakespeare at best answers the needs of a particular generation in one country or another. Those needs vary: directors and actors, audiences and common readers, scholar-teachers and students do not necessarily seek the same aids for understanding. Shakespeare is an international possession, transcending nations, languages and professions. More than the Bible, which competes with the Koran, and with Indian and Chinese religious writings, Shakespeare is unique in the world’s culture, not just in the world’s theatres. Shakespeare’s literary and cultural authority is now so unquestioned that it has taken on an aura of historical inevitability and has enshrined the figure of the solitary author as the standard bearer of literary production. It is all the more important, then, to suggest that Shakespeare had a genius for timing—managing to be born in exactly the right place and at the right time to nourish his particular form of greatness. He regularly demonstrates and celebrates the ideas and ideals of Renaissance humanism, often—even in his tragic plays—presenting characters that embody the principles and ideals of Renaissance humanism, or people of tremendous self-knowledge and wit that are capable of self-expression and the practice of individual freedom. Shakespeare himself can be understood as the ultimate product of Renaissance humanism; he was an artist who openly practised and celebrated with a deep understanding of humanity and an uncanny ability for self-expression.

"This specifically "literary" historical study situates the rather sudden emergence of madhouses ("Bedlam") on the Shakespearean stage in the sophisticated literary dispute known as the "Poets' War," wherein various dramatists, particularly Jonson and Shakespeare, argued about what drama was supposed to be. "Madness" became a rhetorical battleground of artistic ideas, and that dispute, rather than any desire to represent the actual hospital, led to the appearance of "Bedlam" on the stage."

Table of contents

This volume examines the key representations of transgression drama produced between 1600 and 1800. Arranged in chronological order, the entries consist of plot summary (often including significant dialogue), performance data (if available), opinions by critics and scholars, and other features.

Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction ; 2. Richard II and the early modern public sphere ; 3. Henry IV, the theater, and the popular appetite ; 4. Political interpretation in Julius Caesar ; 5. Measure for Measure and the problem of popularity ; 6. Coriolanus the popular man ; Conclusion

In close to fifty sessions, the congress theme - "Shakespeare and the Twentieth Century" - allowed for critical approaches from many directions: through twentieth-century theater history on almost every continent; through a range of media representations from film to databases; through the changing theoretical models of the period that extend to the latest politically inflected readings; and through appropriations of the play-texts by modern art forms such as recent fiction.

Cheek by Jowl, founded by Declan Donnellan and Nick Ormerod in 1981, is one of the world's most critically acclaimed classical theatre companies. Across seventeen productions of Shakespeare (as well as several by his contemporaries and other European dramatists), Cheek by Jowl's experiments with text, space, light and bodies have produced bold reinventions of canonical and lesser-explored plays. Despite the pre-eminence of the company, its multiple awards and central place in the European repertory, this is the first substantive study of the company's body of work. This book situates Cheek by Jowl's work within the key institutions and traditions that have shaped the company's development from low-budget beginnings at the Edinburgh Festival to international celebration, while also focusing specifically on the company's use of Shakespeare to drive forward its practice. Drawing on the company's work in English, Russian and French, the book uses key productions as case studies to interrogate the company's unique style and build an argument for the distinctive insights offered by Cheek by Jowl's approach. The book draws on new interviews with creative and administrative company members from the full span of Cheek by Jowl's history as well as a full appraisal of the Cheek by Jowl archives, offering the first scholarly overview of the company's work.

This set collects articles from over 40 different journals, arranged topically as readers for both students and scholars. Both current literary trends and scholarly traditions are respected in his comprehensive survey of literary excellence.